Table 1.
Characteristic | EFV + NRTIs (n = 3515) | Other ARTa + NRTIs (n = 1169) | P Valueb | Total (n = 4684) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, median years [IQR] | 36 [29, 43] | 36 [29, 45] | .010 | 36 [29, 44] |
Female, n (%) | 995 (28.3) | 262 (22.4) | <.001 | 1257 (26.8) |
Race, n (%) | ||||
Asian | 349 (9.9) | 39 (3.3) | <.001 | 388 (8.3) |
Black | 1158 (32.9) | 250 (21.4) | <.001 | 1408 (30.1) |
Latino/Hispanic | 527 (15.0) | 110 (9.4) | <.001 | 637 (13.6) |
White | 1339 (38.1) | 748 (64.0) | <.001 | 2087 (44.6) |
Other | 142 (4.0) | 22 (1.9) | <.001 | 164 (3.5) |
Geographic region, n (%) | ||||
Africa | 897 (25.5) | 102 (8.7) | <.001 | 999 (21.3) |
Asia | 326 (9.3) | 30 (2.6) | <.001 | 356 (7.6) |
Australia | 51 (1.5) | 58 (5.0) | <.001 | 109 (2.3) |
Europe and Israel | 871 (24.8) | 668 (57.1) | <.001 | 1539 (32.9) |
South America | 1086 (30.9) | 88 (7.5) | <.001 | 1174 (25.1) |
United States | 284 (8.1) | 223 (19.1) | <.001 | 507 (10.8) |
Income region, n (%) | ||||
High (United States, Europe, Australia) | 1206 (34.3) | 949 (81.2) | <.001 | 2155 (46.0) |
Low–moderate (Latin America, Africa, Asia) | 2309 (65.7) | 220 (18.8) | <.001 | 2529 (54.0) |
Likely mode of HIV infection, n (%) | ||||
Sexual contact with same sex | 1831 (52.1) | 756 (64.7) | <.001 | 2587 (55.2) |
Sexual contact with opposite sex | 1466 (41.7) | 322 (27.5) | <.001 | 1788 (38.2) |
Injection drug use | 21 (0.6) | 43 (3.7) | <.001 | 64 (1.4) |
Blood products, other, unknown | 197 (5.6) | 48 (4.1) | .046 | 245 (5.2) |
Time since HIV diagnosis, median years [IQR] | 1.0 [0.3, 3.1] | 1.1 [0.4, 3.0] | .068 | 1.0 [0.4, 3.1] |
CD4,c median cells/µL [IQR] | 651 [583, 768] | 652 [585, 755] | .753 | 651 [584, 765] |
HIV RNA, median copies/mL [IQR] | 12225 [2879, 41562] | 14304 [3738, 47703] | .022 | 12761 [3025, 43482] |
Current smoker, n (%) | 1012 (28.8) | 487 (41.7) | <.001 | 1499 (32.0) |
Prespecified ART regimen, n (%) | ||||
EFV + NRTIs | 3515 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | <.001 | 3515 (75.0) |
Other non-NRTI not EFV + NRTIs | 0 (0.0) | 171 (14.6) | <.001 | 171 (3.6) |
PI + NRTIs | 0 (0.0) | 815 (69.7) | <.001 | 815 (17.4) |
Integrase strand transfer inhibitor + NRTIs | 0 (0.0) | 183 (15.7) | <.001 | 183 (3.9) |
Psychiatric diagnosis or current psychotropic drug treatment, n (%) | 224 (6.4) | 260 (22.2) | <.001 | 484 (10.3) |
Prior psychiatric diagnosisd | 109 (3.1) | 162 (13.9) | <.001 | 271 (5.8) |
Any psychotropic drug use | 183 (5.2) | 196 (16.8) | <.001 | 379 (8.1) |
Antidepressants | 120 (3.4) | 150 (12.8) | <.001 | 270 (5.8) |
Benzodiazepines | 62 (1.8) | 50 (4.3) | <.001 | 112 (2.4) |
Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) | 15 (0.4) | 19 (1.6) | <.001 | 34 (0.7) |
Other drugs for bipolar mood disorder | 5 (0.1) | 13 (1.1) | <.001 | 18 (0.4) |
Methadone | 1 (0.0) | 8 (0.7) | <.001 | 9 (0.2) |
Other opiates | 18 (0.5) | 25 (2.1) | <.001 | 43 (0.9) |
Ever use of recreational drugs,e n (%) | 858 (24.4) | 442 (37.8) | <.001 | 1300 (27.8) |
Heavy alcohol use, n (%) | 155 (4.4) | 45 (3.8) | .41 | 200 (4.3) |
Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; EFV, efavirenz; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.
a Ritonavir-boosted PI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor, or non-NRTI other than EFV.
b P values are for comparisons between the EFV + NRTIs and other ART + NRTIs groups. Medians were compared using Kruskal-Wallis tests; percents were compared using χ2 tests.
c Average of 2 screening values.
d Including major depression, bipolar disorder, and psychotic disorder including schizophrenia. These diagnoses were not collected separately.
e Amphetamines and methamphetamines/ecstasy, cocaine, ketamine, and opiates.