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. 2018 Mar 12;67(3):420–429. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciy051

Table 1.

Baseline Characteristics by Prespecified Antiretroviral Therapy Regimen

Characteristic EFV + NRTIs (n = 3515) Other ARTa + NRTIs (n = 1169) P Valueb Total (n = 4684)
Age, median years [IQR] 36 [29, 43] 36 [29, 45] .010 36 [29, 44]
Female, n (%) 995 (28.3) 262 (22.4) <.001 1257 (26.8)
Race, n (%)
 Asian 349 (9.9) 39 (3.3) <.001 388 (8.3)
 Black 1158 (32.9) 250 (21.4) <.001 1408 (30.1)
 Latino/Hispanic 527 (15.0) 110 (9.4) <.001 637 (13.6)
 White 1339 (38.1) 748 (64.0) <.001 2087 (44.6)
 Other 142 (4.0) 22 (1.9) <.001 164 (3.5)
Geographic region, n (%)
 Africa 897 (25.5) 102 (8.7) <.001 999 (21.3)
 Asia 326 (9.3) 30 (2.6) <.001 356 (7.6)
 Australia 51 (1.5) 58 (5.0) <.001 109 (2.3)
 Europe and Israel 871 (24.8) 668 (57.1) <.001 1539 (32.9)
 South America 1086 (30.9) 88 (7.5) <.001 1174 (25.1)
 United States 284 (8.1) 223 (19.1) <.001 507 (10.8)
Income region, n (%)
 High (United States, Europe, Australia) 1206 (34.3) 949 (81.2) <.001 2155 (46.0)
 Low–moderate (Latin America, Africa, Asia) 2309 (65.7) 220 (18.8) <.001 2529 (54.0)
Likely mode of HIV infection, n (%)
 Sexual contact with same sex 1831 (52.1) 756 (64.7) <.001 2587 (55.2)
 Sexual contact with opposite sex 1466 (41.7) 322 (27.5) <.001 1788 (38.2)
 Injection drug use 21 (0.6) 43 (3.7) <.001 64 (1.4)
 Blood products, other, unknown 197 (5.6) 48 (4.1) .046 245 (5.2)
Time since HIV diagnosis, median years [IQR] 1.0 [0.3, 3.1] 1.1 [0.4, 3.0] .068 1.0 [0.4, 3.1]
CD4,c median cells/µL [IQR] 651 [583, 768] 652 [585, 755] .753 651 [584, 765]
HIV RNA, median copies/mL [IQR] 12225 [2879, 41562] 14304 [3738, 47703] .022 12761 [3025, 43482]
Current smoker, n (%) 1012 (28.8) 487 (41.7) <.001 1499 (32.0)
Prespecified ART regimen, n (%)
 EFV + NRTIs 3515 (100.0) 0 (0.0) <.001 3515 (75.0)
 Other non-NRTI not EFV + NRTIs 0 (0.0) 171 (14.6) <.001 171 (3.6)
 PI + NRTIs 0 (0.0) 815 (69.7) <.001 815 (17.4)
 Integrase strand transfer inhibitor + NRTIs 0 (0.0) 183 (15.7) <.001 183 (3.9)
Psychiatric diagnosis or current psychotropic drug treatment, n (%) 224 (6.4) 260 (22.2) <.001 484 (10.3)
 Prior psychiatric diagnosisd 109 (3.1) 162 (13.9) <.001 271 (5.8)
 Any psychotropic drug use 183 (5.2) 196 (16.8) <.001 379 (8.1)
  Antidepressants 120 (3.4) 150 (12.8) <.001 270 (5.8)
  Benzodiazepines 62 (1.8) 50 (4.3) <.001 112 (2.4)
  Antipsychotic drugs (neuroleptics) 15 (0.4) 19 (1.6) <.001 34 (0.7)
  Other drugs for bipolar mood disorder 5 (0.1) 13 (1.1) <.001 18 (0.4)
  Methadone 1 (0.0) 8 (0.7) <.001 9 (0.2)
  Other opiates 18 (0.5) 25 (2.1) <.001 43 (0.9)
Ever use of recreational drugs,e n (%) 858 (24.4) 442 (37.8) <.001 1300 (27.8)
Heavy alcohol use, n (%) 155 (4.4) 45 (3.8) .41 200 (4.3)

Abbreviations: ART, antiretroviral therapy; EFV, efavirenz; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; IQR, interquartile range; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor.

a Ritonavir-boosted PI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor, or non-NRTI other than EFV.

b P values are for comparisons between the EFV + NRTIs and other ART + NRTIs groups. Medians were compared using Kruskal-Wallis tests; percents were compared using χ2 tests.

c Average of 2 screening values.

d Including major depression, bipolar disorder, and psychotic disorder including schizophrenia. These diagnoses were not collected separately.

e Amphetamines and methamphetamines/ecstasy, cocaine, ketamine, and opiates.