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. 2018 Mar 29;26(5):1067–1074. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.2018.2816238

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Fig. 4. — The intervention protocol: 1.The participant was given an auditory (double beep) and visual cue (LED on) to reach and grasp the 5cm cube, and FES was given to open the hand and, in most cases, extend the arm. 2. When proximity sensors (10cm range) detected that the open hand was over the block (marked by a single beep, LED off), the FES was turned off allowing the block to be gripped. 3. The participant pulled the block to the finish position with no FES assistance. 4. A proximity sensor detected the return was complete (single beep) and the microcontroller initiated a 1.5s delay. 5. Cues (single beep, LED on) indicated that the block should be released and FES was applied to open the hand. 6. When proximity sensors detected that the release was complete (the block was in the start position), FES was turned off (single beep, LED off). The participant then rested for 5 seconds before returning to step 1. Timings shown were calculated using data from participants with SCI (n = 7) for a block of 25 trials on day 3 of the intervention. Timings (mean (± SE)) are: Reach 1.4s (±0.2), Grasp and Pull 1.0s (±0.15), Hold 1.5s, Release 0.9s (±0.07), and Rest 5s. Similar timings were observed for participants with stroke.