TABLE 1. Clinical Characteristics.
This table describes the clinical characteristics and treatment trials of every patient.
| ID# | Sex | Age at Onset (yr) |
Seizure Semiology |
Trigger | Baseline Frequency |
Spontaneous Seizures |
Developmental Problems |
Final Medication Regimen (mg/kg/d) |
Seizure Control | Failed Medications (mg/kg/d) |
Non-Drug Therapies |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | M | 5 | EM | Stares at sun | >Hourly | Slow processing | VPA 500mg BID (32) | Sz Free | LEV 1000mg BID (58) | MD counseling | |
| 2 | F | 8 | EMA | Waves hand | >Daily | No | VPA 375mg BID (25) | Sz Free; still waves hand | None | None | |
| 3 | M | 8 | EM | Stares at sun | >Daily | Slow Processing | VPA 375mg BID (25) | No change | LEV 700mg BID (56) LTG 50mg BID (4) |
CBIT | |
| 4 | F | 5.5 | EMA | Waves hand | >Hourly | No | LTG 50mg BID (3.3) | No change | LEV 500mg BID (40) | MD counseling | |
| 5 | F | 5 | EMA & UE My | Waves hand | Hourly | Severe ADHD | VPA 500mg BID (43) | Sz reduced | LEV 250mg BID (20); ETX 250mg BID (20); FEL 400mg BID (40); ZNS 75mg BID (6.5); CLB | CBIT | |
| 6 | F | 4 | EM | Stares at sun | >Hourly | GTC, MY | No | LEV 1500mg BID (25); TPM 150mg BID (5) | Sz Free | None | MD counseling |
| 7 | F | <10 | EMA | Waves hand | >Daily | ADHD | VPA 1000mg BID (26) | Sz Free | LEV | None | |
| 8 | M | 2.5 | EMA & UE MY | Stares at sun | >Hourly | GTC | ID | VPA 500mg BID (13); CLB (0.5) | No change | LEV, ETX, LTG, CLZ | None |
| 9 | F | 3 | EMA | Stares at sun | >Hourly | GTC | ADHD | VPA 350mg BID (25) LTG 50mg BID (3.5) |
Sz Free | LEV, ETX, ZNS | None |
| 10 | F | 5 | EM | Rub forehead | >Daily | ABS, GTC | No | VPA 750mg QD (13) | Sz reduced | LTG; LEV 500mg BID (27); ETX | None |
| 11 | F | 5 | EM | Waves Hand | >Daily | GTC | No | CLZ 0.5mg TID (0.01) | Sz reduced | VPA 250mg BID (11); LTG 25mg BID (<1m/k/d) | None |
| 12 | F | 6 | ABS | Rub forehead | Hourly | No | LTG 150mg BID (7) | Sz Free; still waves hand | CLZ | None | |
| 13 | F | 7 | ABS | Waves hand | >Daily | GTC | ADHD | LEV 1000mg BID (47) ETX 750mg BID (37) |
Sz reduced | None | MD counseling |
ABS=absence; ADHD=Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; CBIT=Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics; CLB=clobazam; CLZ=clonazepam; ETX=ethosuximide; GTC=generalized tonic clonic seizure; EM=eyelid myoclonia; EMA=eyelid myoclonia with absence; ID=intellectual disability; LTG=lamotrigine; LEV=levetiracetam; mg/kg/d=milligram/kilogram/day; My=myoclonus; Sz=seizure; TPM=topiramate; VPA=valproate; ZNS=zonisamide