TABLE 3. EEG Characteristics while taking Seizure Medications.
This table reviews EEG features seen on different medication regimens. The first column provides the medication type while the second column provides the dose. The column on the far right describes the change in EEG compared to an EEG in the same patient without medication. Please note that several patients have multiple EEGs, either on different medications or different doses of the same medication; the EEG# (third column) indicates the order of the EEGs, also accounting for any EEGs described in Table 2. When reporting about seizures, +SI indicates that the patient was still able to elicit seizures in the sun while −SI indicates that the patient tried but was unable to elicit seizures. Fragments are unilateral spikes/polyspikes that were felt to be unilateral manifestations of generalized discharges rather than true focal discharges.
| Med | Dose (mg/kg/d) | ID#/EEG# | Age (yr) | Interictal 3–4Hz Spikes | Interictal Polyspikes/Frontal Fast | Maximum Spike Wave Duration (sec) | Runs >3 Sec (#/hour) | Focal Findings | Seizures Induced in Sun | HV | PPR | Change from EEG off Med |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ZNS | 6.5 | 5/2 | 7.6 | + BF/BP | − | 2 | 0 | − | . | Gen SW | − | Imp |
| TPM&LEV | T: 1.5 L: 42 |
6/1 | 15.0 | − | − | 0 | 0 | − | . | − | − | NL |
| LEV | 30 | 1/1 | 7.3 | + BF | + BF | 15 | 36 | R SW | . | R Slow | + | . |
| 40 | 4/2 | 7.9 | + BF/BP | + BF | 15 | 26 | − | + SI | Gen SW | + | NC | |
| 57 | 7/1 | 11.3 | + BF | + BF | 5 | <1 | − | + SI | . | . | NC | |
| 83 | 13/2 | 11.6 | + | + | 10 | 1 | − | + SI | − | + | NC | |
| ETX & LEV | E: 40 L: 43 |
13/3 | 13.0 | − | − | 3 | 3 | − | . | + S/PSW | + | IMP |
| E: 27 L: 37 |
13/4 | 15.5 | + | + | 2 | 0 | − | + SI | − | + | NC | |
| LTG | 3.3 | 4/3 | 8.5 | + BF/BP | + BF/BP | 20 | 30 | − | + SI | + ABS | − | NC |
| 3.5 | 9/2 | 6.3 | + BF/BP | − | 9 | 4 | − | . | − | − | NC | |
| 5 | 12/2 | 9.4 | − | − | <1 | 0 | Fragments | − SI | . | . | Imp | |
| LTG & VPA | L: 3.5 V: 25 |
9/3 | 6.7 | − | − | 0 | 0 | − | . | − | − | NL |
| VPA | 25 | 2/2 | 9.2 | − | − | 0 | 0 | − | . | − | − | NL |
| 22 | 5/3 | 7.8 | +BF | + BF | 6 | 10 | − | . | − | − | NC | |
| 44 | 5/4 | 8.3 | + BP | + BP | <0.5 | 0 | − | − SI | − | − | Imp | |
| 26 | 7/2 | 15.5 | − | − | 0 | 0 | − | . | − | − | NL | |
| 25 | 8/1 | 6.1 | + | − | . | . | C3 spikes | . | . | + | . | |
| 20 | 8/2 | 8.2 | + L>R | + L>R | . | . | C3 spikes | . | . | + | . | |
| 13 | 10/2 | 16.1 | + BP | + | 6 | <1 | Fragments | −SI | − | + | Imp |
BF=bifrontal; BP= biposterior; Cz=central; C3=left central; ETX=ethosuximide; HV=hyperventilation; Imp=improved; LTG=lamotrigine; LEV=levetiracetam; mg/kg/d=milligram/kilogram/day; Med=antiseizure medication(s); NC=no change; NL=normalized; PPR=photoparoxysmal response; PSW=polyspike waves; Sec = second; S=spike; SI=self-induced; SW=spike waves; TPM=topiramate; VPA=valproate; ZNS=zonisamide; + = present; − = absent;. = not tested