Table 1. Plaque indices at baseline, immediately after manual tooth brushing and after chewing an apple, and 24 hours after the activity (N = 20).

	PI-B mean (range)	PI-A mean (range)	PI-24 mean (range)	Statistical significance PI-A vs PI-B P-value	Statistical significance PI-24 vs PI-A P-value	Statistical significance PI-A MT vs APP P-value	Statistical significance PI-24 MT vs APP P-value
MT	2.338 (1.100–3.130)	1.743 (0.930–2.910)	2.575 (1.800–3.700)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
APP	2.849 (1.900–3.850)	3.998 (2.740–4.780)	3.333 (2.560–4.140)	<0.001	<0.001

Abbreviations: MT, manual tooth brushing; APP, chewing an apple; PI-B, baseline plaque index; PI-A, plaque index immediately after performing the activity; PI-24, plaque index 24 hours after performing the activity