Table 1. Patients’ characteristics (n=238).
| Variables | Group PRE (n=72) | Group POS (n=80) | Group PPO (n=86) | Significance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD (years) | 65±7 | 61±10 | 65±6 | n.s. |
| Male:female | 47:24 | 43:38 | 42:44 | n.s. |
| BMI, mean ± SD (kg/m2) | 27±5 | 25±5 | 27±6 | n.s. |
| FEV1, mean ± SD (%pred) | 62±17 | 79±20 | 57±15 | n.s. |
| Hypertension, n [%] | 40 [56] | 42 [53] | 45 [52] | n.s. |
| Diabetes, n [%] | 22 [31] | 22 [28] | 23 [27] | n.s. |
| Atherosclerosis, n [%] | 20 [28] | 21 [26] | 24 [28] | n.s. |
| Pulmonary hypertension, n [%] | 9 [13] | 9 [11] | 8 [9] | n.s. |
| Quitting rate of smoking cessation, n [%] | 53 [74] | 57 [71] | 60 [70] | n.s. |
BMI, body mass index; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in the first second; n.s., not significant.