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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Anesthesiology. 2018 Aug;129(2):343–366. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000002130

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Non-pharmacological approaches that can control neuroinflammation and produce multiple beneficial effects including prevention and resolution of chronic pain, prevention of neurodegeneration, and repair of cognitive function deficits. Abbreviations: DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EA, electroacupuncture; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; VNS, vagus nerve stimulation; SPMs, specialized pro-resolution mediators; TENS, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation.