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. 2017 Sep 21;53(4):2133–2146. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12765

Table 1.

Descriptive Statistics, N = 282,372

Mean Standard Deviation
Outcomes
Total spending $7,514 $13,271
Hospital inpatient spending, % of Total Spending $2,532, 33.7% $7,675
Hospital outpatient spending, % of Total Spending $1,017, 13.5% $2,467
Postacute care spending, % of Total Spending $1,064, 14.2% $4,553
Other spending, % of Total Spending $1,077, 14.3% $1,410
Physician services spending, % of Total Spending $1,823, 24.3% $2,517
Emergency room visits 0.480 1.006
Hospital index admissions 0.242 0.544
Readmission rate* 11.2% 0.245
Practice characteristics
Physician‐owned 85.0%
Hospital‐owned 15.0%
1–2 physician practice 24.9%
3–9 physician practice 66.3%
10–19 physician practice 8.8%
Percent of primary care physicians 94.9% 0.121
Patient‐centered medical home score Quartile 1 (0–11.76) 28.2%
Patient‐centered medical home score Quartile 2 (>11.76–23.53) 30.8%
Patient‐centered medical home score Quartile 3 (>23.53–37.5) 21.2%
Patient‐centered medical home score Quartile 4 (>37.5–100) 19.9%
Beneficiary characteristics
Number of chronic conditions (0–25) 5.976 2.991
Beneficiary age 76.645 6.854
Beneficiary sex, female 61.2%
Dual eligible 7.9%
White (non‐Hispanic) 90.4%
Black (of African American) 5.4%
Hispanic 2.0%
Asian/Pacific Islander 1.5%
American Indian/Alaska Native/Other/Unknown 0.7%
Original reason for entitlement—old age and survivors insurance 93.3%
Original reason for entitlement—disability insurance benefits (DIB) 6.7%
Original reason for entitlement—end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) 0.02%
Original reason for entitlement—both DIB and ESRD 0.01%
Environment characteristics
Large central metro county 14.7%
Large fringe metro county 24.8%
Medium metro county 24.9%
Small metro county 13.0%
Micropolitan county 14.2%
Noncore county 8.3%
Zip code income <$20k 0.3%
Zip code income [$20k to $30k) 9.7%
Zip code income [$30k to $40k) 31.5%
Zip code income [$40k to $50k) 24.0%
Zip code income [$50k to $60k) 14.0%
Zip code income [$60k to $70k) 7.8%
Zip code income [$70k to $80k) 5.1%
Zip code income >$90k 4.4%
Zip code income missing 3.0%
Survey period
July 1–December 31, 2007 3.5%
January 1–June 30, 2008 2.2%
July 1–December 31, 2008 66.8%
January 1–March 31, 2009 27.5%

Authors’ analysis of NSPO survey data linked to Medicare claims data.

*The readmission rate is calculated for only individuals with an index hospitalization (N = 53,256).