Table 2.

Percent Change in Hospital Utilization Associated with Physician Practice Characteristics

	(1)	(2)	(3)
	Emergency Room Visits	Hospital Index Admissions	Readmission Rate
Owned by a hospital	7.3	−0.8	4.1
	[3.8]	[2.7]	[4.0]
3–9 physicians	6.9*	6.2*	−14.9**
	[3.1]	[2.8]	[5.4]
10–19 physicians	13.5*	19.7*	−10.2
	[3.6]	[1.5]	[8.8]
Subpopulation	282,379	282,379	53,256
Mean	0.480	0.242	0.112
SD	1.005	0.542	0.243

Authors’ analysis of NSPO survey data linked to Medicare claims data. Each column presents the percent change for the category compared to the reference. Each column is estimated using a separate regression. All equations adjust for the percentage of primary care physicians in each practice, PCMH quartile, HRR, urbanicity, ZIP code‐level income, survey period, 26 comorbidities diagnosed prior to 2008, beneficiary age, race/ethnicity, gender, dual‐eligibility, and original reason for entitlement. Results can be interpreted as the difference per beneficiary/year compared to reference categories of physician‐owned, 1–2 physicians. Standard errors are in brackets.

*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.