Table 3.

Percent Change in Spending Associated with Physician Practice Characteristics

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
	Total Spending	Hospital Inpatient Spending	Hospital Outpatient Spending	Postacute Care Spending	Other Spending	Physician Services Spending
Owned by a hospital	6.4*	−2.1	35.7*	17.1*	1.2	−8.3*
	[1.4]	[4.0]	[7.5]	[7.0]	[3.8]	[2.0]
3–9 physicians	7.7*	6.3*	23.4*	1.5	6.2	3.0
	[1.6]	[2.7]	[3.9]	[3.4]	[3.3]	[2.4]
10–19 physicians	2.0	12.7**	27.3*	−11.8**	−13.4**	−12.0*
	[2.5]	[4.1]	[6.6]	[4.4]	[5.1]	[3.3]
Mean	7,514	2,532	1,017	1,064	1,077	1,823
SD	13,240	7,656	2,461	4,542	1,407	2,511

Authors’ analysis of NSPO survey data linked to Medicare claims data. Each column presents the percent change for the category compared to the reference. Each column is estimated using a separate regression. All equations adjust for the percentage of primary care physicians in each practice, PCMH quartile, HRR, urbanicity, ZIP code‐level income, survey period, 26 comorbidities diagnosed prior to 2008, beneficiary age, race/ethnicity, gender, dual‐eligibility, and original reason for entitlement. Results can be interpreted as the difference per beneficiary/year compared to reference categories of physician‐owned, 1–2 physicians. Standard errors are in brackets.

*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001.