Table 1.

Characteristics of Included Primary Care Clinics by PACT Implementation Index (Pi²) Category

Characteristic	All Clinics	Clinics by Pi2 Categorya
		+5 to +8	+2 to +4	−1 to +1	−4 to −2	−8 to −5
N clinics	808	69	190	310	162	77
Clinic type
Hospital‐based	18%	10%	13%	25%	15%	12%
Urban CBOC	54%	46%	52%	54%	60%	60%
Ruralb CBOC	28%	44%	35%	21%	25%	28%
Mean no. of patients assigned to clinicc	6,419	3,685	4,773	7,936	6,965	5,725
Mean age (years) of assigned patientsd	64	65	65	64	64	64
Mean % female of assigned patients	5%	6%	5%	6%	6%	6%
2012 County unemployment ratee	7.9%	7.9%	7.6%	7.8%	8.2%	8.3%

^aPi² Category = Patient Aligned Care Teams (PACT) Implementation Index, ranging from +8 (most extensive PACT implementation) to −8 (least extensive PACT implementation).

^b”Rural” defined as nonmetro counties according to Rural–Urban Continuum codes produced by USDA Economic Research Service in 2012.

^cThe VHA assigns patients to a specific Primary Care Provider at a specific VA clinic; “patients assigned to clinic” is the number of unique patients assigned to PCPs at the examined clinic.

^dMean age of all patients assigned to the clinic, whether they were included in the clinical quality measure calculation.

^e2012 Unemployment Rate of the county of the clinic's location, from U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.