Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Effects of scarification treatment (a) and provenance and species (b) on second winter survival of seedlings at the treeline and alpine sites. Abbreviations: see Fig. 1. P-values indicate significant effects and interactions from likelihood ratio tests of mixed-effects models. Error bars indicate ± 1 standard error of trait means.
