Fig. 7.

Reduced bio-volumes of all members in local regions within four-species biofilms where the presence of M. oxydans was scant. a PCC values of M. oxydans (Mic) with S. rhizophila (Ste) or X. retroflexus (Xan) in regions where the local presence of Mic was typical or scant in four-species biofilms after 24 h of growth under flow conditions. The mean PCC values (continuous line) and the standard error of the mean (SEM, shaded part) are plotted against distances spaced at intervals of 1 µm. The dashed horizontal line (PCC value of 1) corresponds to random positioning. b Bio-volumes of each species in the 24 h four-species biofilms in regions where the local presence of Mic was typical or scant. Error bars represent standard error of the mean from three biological replicates. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 (Two-sample t-test)