Table 5.

Gene expression of markers of inflammation and cell stress.

Marker	Group	Ventral region	Group effect	Dorsal region	Group effect
TNF-α	VCV	1.0	n.s.	1.0	n.s.
	WN	1.0 [0.6–1.9]		0.7 [0.3–1.0]
	P04	1.0 [0.7–1.7]		0.6 [0.5–1.5]
	P10	1.4 [0.7–2.3]		0.7 [0.5–1.3]
IL-6	VCV	1.0	n.s.	1.0	n.s.
	WN	0.9 [0.6–1.2]		0.9 [0.5–1.5]
	P04	0.9 [0.2–1.3]		0.7 [0.4–1.3]
	P10	0.8 [0.3–1.4]		0.8 [0.4–1.4]
IL-8	VCV	1.0	n.s.	1.0	n.s.
	WN	1.5 [0.8–2.1]		1.2 [0.5–2.1]
	P04	1.4 [0.2–3.6]		0.3 [0.2–2.5]
	P10	1.5 [0.4–2.7]		0.9 [0.6–1.3]
Amphiregulin	VCV	1.0	n.s.	1.0	n.s.
	WN	0.9[0.5–1.6]		1.2 [0.5–2.2]
	P04	1.2 [0.5–2.0]		0.5 [0.3–1.4]
	P10	1.6 [0.6–3.5]		1.0 [0.7–1.5]
Tenascin-c	VCV	1.0	n.s.	1.0	n.s.
	WN	1.3 [0.6–2.2]		1.0 [0.5–2.2]
	P04	1.2 [0.8–2.1]		1.2 [0.8–1.8]
	P10	1.0 [0.6–5.6]		1.6 [0.5–2.2]

Gene expression of Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6, Interleukin (IL)-8, Amphiregulin and Tenascin-c in ventral lung regions (ventral) and dorsal lung regions (dorsal), conventional volume controlled ventilation (VCV); variable volume controlled ventilation with Gaussian white noise pattern in tidal volume (WN); variable volume controlled ventilation with periodicity of 4 cycles (P₀₄) and variable volume controlled ventilation with periodicity of 10 cycles (P₁₀). Values represent x-fold expression of the respective gene normalized to housekeeping genes cyclophilin A and ß2-microglobulin and to values of VCV animals as control group. Values are shown as median and interquartile range, and were obtained from 40 animals in total (n = 10/group). There were no missing values. Differences among groups were tested with Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney U-test and Bonferroni-Holm adjustments for pairwise comparisons. n.s. (non-significant at P < 0.05).