FIG 2.

VP22 inhibits the IFN signaling pathway at the level upstream of STING. (A to C) HEK293T cells were cotransfected with IFN-β-Luc reporter, pRL-TK, and STING (A), TBK1 (B), or IRF3/5D (C), along with empty vector or VP22-Flag plasmid. Cells were harvested 24 h after transfection and subjected to a DLR assay. The data represent results from one of triplicate experiments. Error bars represent the standard deviation of results of three independent experiments. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t test with the GraphPad Prism 5.0 software.