FIG 3.

NS6 fails to inhibit IFN-β production induced by RLR signaling pathway molecules. HEK-293T cells were transfected with IFN-β–Luc, pRL-TK, and pCAGGS-HA-NS6 along with constructs expressing RIG-I/RIG-IN (A), MDA5 (B), MAVS (C), TBK1 and IKKε (D), or IRF3 (E). Dual-Luciferase assays were performed 28 h after transfection. The relative firefly luciferase activity was relative to that of an untreated empty vector control, with normalization to the Renilla reniformis luciferase activity. The presented results represent the means and standard deviations of data from three independent experiments. The expression of NS6 protein was verified by Western blotting with anti-HA antibody. β-Actin served as a protein loading control.