Figure 2.

Achieved subordinate status shortens lifespan in mice. (a) Average amount of aggression exhibited [F(1,115) = 309.35, p < .0001)] and received [F(1,115) = 176.1, p < .0001] by individual according to the achieved status (subordinate = 61, dominant = 56). (b, c) Survival probability and distribution of mortality frequencies as affected by the achieved status (log‐rank test, χ² = 8.9 on 1 degrees of freedom, p < .01). (d) Age at which 90%, etc. of the population survived, the percent survival at median and maximum (10%) survival as well as Cox regression model examining the contribution of achieved status on survival (HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval). *p < .05