. 2017 Oct 12;9:17–26. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.10.003

Table 2.

Cumulative amount released (%) of rutin from either free form or various formulations of rutin-loaded nanospheres in gastric, intestinal and colonic pH, at 37 °C (n = 3; data are expressed as the mean ± SD).

Formula code	Cumulative amount of rutin released (%)
Formula code	Gastric pH (1.2)	Intestinal pH (6.8)	Colonic pH (7.4)
F1	2.93 ± 1.17^a	9.72 ± 0.97^a	83.34 ± 0.42^a
F2	2.68 ± 0.61^a	9.26 ± 1.03^a	84.99 ± 0.49^a
F3	3.35 ± 0.03^a	9.75 ± 0.28^a	83.14 ± 0.90^a
F4	3.00 ± 0.24^a	8.22 ± 0.22^a	54.38 ± 0.60^b
F5	3.01 ± 0.88^a	8.36 ± 0.45^a	54.73 ± 3.02^b
Free rutin	8.82 ± 0.80^b	16.28 ± 2.59^b	32.27 ± 2.79^c

^*Means assigned with the same letter, in the same column are statistically non-significant different, while different letters, in the same column; denote a statistically significant difference between means at P < 0.05.