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. 2017 Dec 26;10:49–67. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2017.12.004

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This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 5 — Schematic representation of (a) contribution of different strengthening mechanisms by Al₃Li [66]; (b) void nucleation at GB particles when PEZs are exist [66]; (c) strengthening phases in (Al-Li-Cu) and (Al-Li-Cu-Mg) alloys; (d) a simplified explanation of precipitates microstructural in 2^nd^, and (e) 3^rd generation Al-Li alloys [68]; (f) a graphical representation of structure of complex precipitates which constitute in Al-Li-X alloys [59], where: δ′ = (Al₃Li); δ = (AlLi) equilibrium phase; θ′ = (Al₂Cu); β′ = (Al₃Zr); T1 = (Al₂CuLi) equilibrium phase; T2 = (Al₆CuLi₃) equilibrium phase; S′ = (Al₂CuMg), M = Major relative volume fraction and S = Minor relative volume fraction. The phases mentioned are found in different conditions of heat treatment.

Fig. 5 — Schematic representation of (a) contribution of different strengthening mechanisms by Al₃Li [66]; (b) void nucleation at GB particles when PEZs are exist [66]; (c) strengthening phases in (Al-Li-Cu) and (Al-Li-Cu-Mg) alloys; (d) a simplified explanation of precipitates microstructural in 2^nd^, and (e) 3^rd generation Al-Li alloys [68]; (f) a graphical representation of structure of complex precipitates which constitute in Al-Li-X alloys [59], where: δ′ = (Al₃Li); δ = (AlLi) equilibrium phase; θ′ = (Al₂Cu); β′ = (Al₃Zr); T1 = (Al₂CuLi) equilibrium phase; T2 = (Al₆CuLi₃) equilibrium phase; S′ = (Al₂CuMg), M = Major relative volume fraction and S = Minor relative volume fraction. The phases mentioned are found in different conditions of heat treatment.