Table 5.

The main factors causing anisotropy in ductility, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of Al-Li alloys [109], [110], [111], [112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [119].

Tensile property	Reasons for anisotropy
Ductility [109], [110], [111], [112], [113]	•Shearing of the Al3li phases and the resultant flow localization orientation w.r.t the current stress states
	•Distribution and density of the intermediate and coarse grain size of intermetallic phases
	•Type, distribution and morphology of the main strengthening phases, which are governing by alloy alloying addition and TMP
	•Recrystallization degree, type and history of deformation process before artificial ageing
	•Fracture modes
	•Strength of grain boundaries
	•The width of PFZs
	•Equilibrium phases densities along the grain boundaries
Yield Strength [112], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117]	•Crystallographic texture
	•Final heat-treatment condition
	•The degree of recrystallization
	•Solution heat treatment caused a higher degree anisotropy in yield strength correlated to the artificial ageing condition
	•Nature and Distribution of strengthening phases
Ultimate tensile strength (the degree of anisotropy in ultimate tensile strength is lower than the anisotropy in yield strength) [114], [115], [116], [117], [118], [119]	•The degree of recrystallization
	•Nature and Distribution of strengthening phases
	•Resultant microscopic deformation behavior