Fig. 1.

Antileishmanial activity and H₂O₂ modulation by Morinda citrifolia. a Growth inhibition of axenic amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis and treated with M. citrifolia fruit juice. b Peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c treated with juice for 48 h increases hydrogen peroxide production. c Peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c infected with L. amazonensis did not statistically alter H₂O₂ production after 48 h of treatment with M. citrifolia fruit juice at 500 µg/mL. Data are expressed as mean ± SD and are representative of at least three independent experiments carried out in at least quintuplicate (n = 5); *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 when compared with untreated group by Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparison test