Table 4.
Effect of theaflavin and thearubigins and their combination based intervention on selected traits of normal and renal malfunctional rats at the termination of the study (56th day)
| Parameters | Base line values (n = 1) |
Treatments | Post treatment values at termination of study Control Study (Normal Rats) |
Post treatment values at termination of study Arginine induced renal malfunctional rats |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body weight (at the termination of study) | 128 ± 10.25 | T0 | 224.18 ± 10.25a | 223 ± 9.61a |
| T1 | 212.14 ± 9.23d | 213.10 ± 6.11c | ||
| T2 | 216.41 ± 8.56b | 217.74 ± 5.61b | ||
| T3 | 213.12 ± 9.22c | 214.17 ± 4.25c | ||
| TC (mg/dL) | 77.80 ± 3.56 | T0 | 85.14 ± 4.12a | 86.31 ± 4.63a |
| T1 | 82.13 ± 3.25c | 81.14 ± 2.12c | ||
| T2 | 84.15 ± 2.212b | 82.99 ± 5.63b | ||
| T3 | 83.1 ± 3.14c | 82.29 ± 4.25b | ||
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 26.56 ± 3.56 | T0 | 27.10 ± 0.96a | 33.36 ± 2.13a |
| T1 | 26.01 ± 1.01c | 30.94 ± 1.22c | ||
| T2 | 26.65 ± 0.95b | 32.20 ± 3.61b | ||
| T3 | 26.30 ± 1.02b | 31.49 ± 2.81b | ||
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 32.56 ± 3.56 | T0 | 38.45 ± 1.1 | 38.54 ± 2.36 |
| T1 | 39.21 ± 0.96 | 39.70 ± 2.32 | ||
| T2 | 39.01 ± 0.85 | 38.92 ± 1.09 | ||
| T3 | 39.14 ± 0.89 | 39.64 ± 1.56 | ||
| TG (mg/dL) | 58.26 ± 3.56 | 69.45 ± 1.20a | 67.15 ± 4.20 | |
| T1 | 67.12 ± 1.14c | 64.96 ± 5.15 | ||
| T2 | 68.01 ± 1.05b | 65.20 ± 4.12 | ||
| T3 | 67.65 ± 1.08c | 65.13 ± 2.12 | ||
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 79.63 ± 3.72 | T0 | 85.65 ± 2.2a | 89.18 ± 6.14a |
| T1 | 83.15 ± 1.96b | 84.70 ± 6.13b | ||
| T2 | 83.69 ± 1.12b | 85.60 ± 3.20b | ||
| T3 | 82.38 ± 1.23c | 83.98 ± 7.14b | ||
| Insulin μU/Ml | 6.23 ± 0.56 | T0 | 8.25 ± 0.01b | 7.76 ± 0.22b |
| T1 | 8.91 ± 0.25a | 8.06 ± 0.41a | ||
| T2 | 8.80 ± 0.31b | 7.96 ± 0.52ab | ||
| T3 | 8.99 ± 0.21a | 8.11 ± 0.12a | ||
| Serum Urea mg/Dl | 32.56 ± 1.03 | T0 | 26.14 ± 1.01a | 37.83 ± 2.46a |
| T1 | 25.96 ± 1.04b | 34.09 ± 2.56b | ||
| T2 | 26.01 ± 0.96a | 34.95 ± 2.91b | ||
| T3 | 25.78 ± 0.88b | 33.44 ± 1.45c | ||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.01 ± 0.02 | T0 | 0.719 ± 0.01 | 1.15 ± 0.03a |
| T1 | 0.715 ± 0.02 | 1.08 ± 0.01b | ||
| T2 | 0.716 ± 0.01 | 1.09 ± 0.021b | ||
| T3 | 0.701 ± 0.03 | 1.04 ± 0.05c | ||
| Serum glutathione (mg/L) | 42.32 ± 1.02 | T0 | 50.52 ± 1.01b | 43.12 ± 3.01c |
| T1 | 52.99 ± 1.45ab | 46.19 ± 2.56b | ||
| T2 | 52.14 ± 1.21ab | 44.91 ± 4.14bc | ||
| T3 | 53.01 ± 1.24a | 47.87 ± 4.12a | ||
| Malonialdehyde (MDA) (mmol/L) |
6.23 ± 0.59 | T0 | 7.85 ± 0.14a | 8.01 ± 0.21a |
| T1 | 6.23 ± 0.18b | 6.78 ± 0.24c | ||
| T2 | 7.15 ± 0.12a | 7.55 ± 0.01a | ||
| T3 | 6.85 ± 0.13ab | 6.95 ± 0.42b | ||
| AST (IU/L) | 6.23 ± 0.59 | T0 | 7.85 ± 0.14a | 8.01 ± 0.21a |
| T1 | 6.23 ± 0.18b | 6.78 ± 0.24c | ||
| T2 | 7.15 ± 0.12a | 7.55 ± 0.01a | ||
| T3 | 6.85 ± 0.13ab | 6.95 ± 0.42b | ||
| ALT(IU/L) | 6.23 ± 0.59 | T0 | 7.85 ± 0.14a | 8.01 ± 0.21a |
| T1 | 6.23 ± 0.18b | 6.78 ± 0.24c | ||
| T2 | 7.15 ± 0.12a | 7.55 ± 0.01a | ||
| T3 | 6.85 ± 0.13ab | 6.95 ± 0.42b | ||
| ALP(IU/L) | 6.23 ± 0.59 | T0 | 7.85 ± 0.14a | 8.01 ± 0.21a |
| T1 | 6.23 ± 0.18b | 6.78 ± 0.24c | ||
| T2 | 7.15 ± 0.12a | 7.55 ± 0.01a | ||
| T3 | 6.85 ± 0.13ab | 6.95 ± 0.42b |
T0: Group rely on Basic Experimental Diet
T1: Group rely on Basic Experimental Diet+ theaflavins supplementation @ 1 g
T2: Group rely on Basic Experimental Diet+ Thearubigins supplementation @ 1 g
T3: Group rely on Basic Experimental Diet+ Supplementation of theaflavins+ thearubigins @ 0.5 + 0.5 g, respectively
Values are mean ± SEM (n = 10)
One way anova was applied to check the overall behavior of the study parameter to elaborate the effect of treatments on selected parameter of rats at the termination of study. To evaluate the differences among the mean LSD test was applied. Values in same column within each parameter with different letters were significantly different from each other (p ≤ 0. 05)