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. 2018 Jul 12;9:821. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00821

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Copyright © 2018 Ng and Frieboes.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The transient ϕ_T = 0.15 isosurface at time = 10, 30, and 50. The total tumor volume fraction ϕ_T = ϕ_V + ϕ_D. The center of the domain is initially seeded with viable tumor cells ϕ_V = 0.65. The starting extracellular matrix volume fraction is set to be homogenously distributed across the domain at ϕ_E = 0.35. The remaining volume fraction is thus made up by healthy host cells, denoted by ϕ_H.