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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jun 26.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 Jun 26;71(25):2867–2876. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.027

Central Illustration. Healthy lifestyle and CVD Events among Diabetic Patients.

Central Illustration

Hazard ratio (95% CI) of CVD incidence and CVD mortality according to number of low-risk lifestyle factors among patients with type 2 diabetes. Low-risk lifestyle factors: non-smoking, moderate to vigorous physical activity (≥150 min/week), high-quality diet (top two fifths of Alternative Healthy Eating Index), and moderate alcohol consumption (5–15 g/day for women and 5–30 g/day for men). Multivariable model was adjusted for age (years), sex (men or women), ethnicity (Caucasian, African American, Hispanic, or Asian), body mass index at diabetes diagnosis (<25.0, 25.0–29.9, 30.0–34.9, ≥35.0 kg/m2), menopausal status (women only), family history of diabetes (yes/no), family history of myocardial infarction (yes/no), current aspirin use (yes/no), current multivitamin use (yes/no), and diabetes duration (years).