Table 1.

Examples of clock- and clock-controlled genes with cyclic activity in the whole kidneys of rats and mice.

Mouse Kidney

Gene	Description	Period (hr)	Time of Peak^a (ZT)	Time of Nadir^a (ZT)
Arntl	Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein–1 (Bmal1)	24	∼22.5	∼10.5
Clock	Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (Clock)	24	∼22	∼10
Per1	Period 1 (Per1)	24	∼11	∼1.5
Per2	Period 2 (Per2)	24	∼14	∼2
Per3	Period 3 (Per3)	24	∼11	∼23
Cry1	Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1)	24	∼18	∼6
Cry2	Cryptochrome 2 (Cry2)	24	∼14	∼2
Nr1d1	Rev-ErbA Alpha (Rev-erbα)	24	∼7	∼21
Dbp	D site albumin promoter binding protein	24	∼10	∼23
Slc9a3	Solute carrier family 9, member 3 (Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger 3; NHE3)	24	∼9	∼21
Avpr1a	Arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (V1aR)	24	∼22	∼11
Avpr2	Arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (V2R)	28	∼21	∼6-9
Sgk1	Serum/glucorticord regulated kinase 1	24	∼15.5	∼3
Edn1	Endothelin–1 (ET–1)	26	∼18	∼6
Ednra	Endothelin receptor subtype A	24	∼20	∼8
Ednrb	Endothelin receptor subtype B	23	∼7	∼18
Cyba	Cytochrome b–245, alpha polypeptide (p22^phox)	32	∼14	∼0

Rat Kidney

*Gene*	Description	Period (hr)	Time of Peak (ZT)	Time of Nadir^a (ZT)

Arntl	Brain and muscle Arnt-like protein–1 (Bmal1)	24	22:45	∼11
Clock	Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput (Clock)	24	23:21	∼11
Per1	Period 1 (Per1)	24	13:11	∼1
Per2	Period 2 (Per2)	24	14:24	∼2
Cry1	Cryptochrome 1 (Cry1)	24	15:06	∼3
Cry2	Cryptochrome 2 (Cry2)	24	17:53	∼6
Scnn1a	Epithelial sodium channel, alpha subunit (αENaC)	24	14:18	∼2
Slc9a3	Solute carrier family 9, member 3 (Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger 3; NHE3)	24	14:05	∼2
Slc12a3	Solute carrier family 12, member 3 (Na⁺-Cl^- cotransporter; NCC)	24	13:53	∼2
Avpr1a	Arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (V1aR)	24	23:34	∼11
Avpr2	Arginine vasopressin receptor 2 (V2R)	24	20:37	∼8

Values are based on best estimates from available data. Further validation is needed. Gene data listed for mice was derived from CircaDB [37]. Gene data listed for rats was derived from Zhang et al. [26].