Table 23.
Estimation Results for Main Outcomes, Comparison to No Preschools, Comparison to Age-50 Cohort
| Within Age-30
|
With Age-40
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OLS30 | DiD30 | KMDiD30 | OLS40 | DiD40 | KMDiD40 | |
| IQ Factor | −0.85 | 0.25 | 0.14 | −0.61 | 0.10 | 0.00 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.00)*** | (0.14)* | (0.45) | (0.00)*** | (0.52) | (0.99) |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.00)*** | (0.91) | (0.99) | (0.00)*** | (0.08) | (0.99) |
| Graduate from High School | 0.03 | −0.16 | −0.11 | 0.06 | −0.25 | −0.25 |
| Unadjusted P-Value | (0.55) | (0.05)*** | (0.82) | (0.20) | (0.00)*** | (0.01)*** |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.86) | (0.57) | (0.99) | (0.56) | (0.06)** | (0.25) |
| High School Grade | 2.91 | 3.29 | 1.86 | 2.80 | 0.59 | 0.05 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.02)*** | (0.28) | (0.56) | (0.03)*** | (0.82) | (1.00) |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.18) | (0.91) | (0.99) | (0.19) | (0.98) | (0.99) |
| High School Grade (Standardized} | 3.94 | 4.86 | 3.68 | 2.37 | 0.28 | −0.56 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.02)*** | (0.22) | (0.42) | (0.16) | (0.94) | (0.89) |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.18) | (0.91) | (0.99) | (0.56) | (0.99) | (0.99) |
| Max Edu: University | 0.03 | −0.11 | −0.06 | 0.07 | 0.00 | −0.00 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.50) | (0.17) | (0.54) | (0.13)* | (0.95) | (0.94) |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.86) | (0.91) | (0.99) | (0.50) | (0.99) | (0.99) |
| Employed | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.12 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.17) | (0.30) | (0.30) | (0.04)*** | (0.24) | (0.86) |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.72) | (0.91) | (0.99) | (0.35) | (0.91) | (0.75) |
| Hours Worked Per Week | 1.83 | 10.29 | 8.30 | 3.80 | 9.01 | 11.31 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.30) | (0.00)*** | (0.04)*** | (0.01)*** | (0.01)*** | (0.00)*** |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.83) | (0.03)*** | (0.24) | (0.18) | (0.06)** | (0.05)** |
| Married or Cohabitating | −0.27 | −0.16 | −0.11 | 0.09 | −0.20 | −0.21 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.00)*** | (0.15) | (0.33) | (0.15)* | (0.05)*** | (0.05)** |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.00)*** | (0.91) | (0.99) | (0.56) | (0.59) | (0.61) |
| Not Obese | −0.00 | −0.05 | −0.08 | −0.09 | 0.10 | 0.05 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.10)* | (0.55) | (0.30) | (0.10)** | (0.23) | (0.56) |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.50) | (0.98) | (0.99) | (0.47) | (0.96) | (0.99) |
| Not Overweight | 0.15 | 0.06 | −0.02 | 0.17 | 0.06 | 0.15 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.01)*** | (0.56) | (0.87) | (0.00)*** | (0.55) | (0.22) |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.02)*** | (0.98) | (0.99) | (0.02)*** | (0.98) | (0.94) |
| Locus of Control – positive | −0.10 | 0.21 | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.34 | 0.49 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.33) | (0.26) | (0.66) | (0.49) | (0.08)** | (0.05)** |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.86) | (0.91) | (0.99) | (0.56) | (0.72) | (0.37) |
| Depression Score – positive | −0.78 | −0.71 | −1.07 | 1.57 | 0.99 | 1.46 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.21) | (0.50) | (0.26) | (0.02)*** | (0.47) | (0.31) |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.80) | (0.98) | (0.99) | (0.18) | (0.98) | (0.95) |
| Volunteers | −0.20 | 0.13 | 0.09 | −0.27 | 0.09 | 0.07 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.00)*** | (0.20) | (0.48) | (0.00)*** | (0.32) | (0.50) |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.00)*** | (0.01) | (0.99) | (0.00)*** | (0.96) | (0.99) |
| Ever Voted for Municipal | 0.17 | −0.02 | −0.04 | 0.29 | 0.07 | 0.14 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.00)*** | (0.84) | (0.79) | (0.00)*** | (0.52) | (0.24) |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.00)*** | (0.98) | (0.99) | (0.00)*** | (0.98) | (0.94) |
| Ever Voted for Regional | 0.19 | −0.11 | −0.10 | 0.32 | 0.05 | 0.13 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.00)*** | (0.33) | (0.43) | (0.00)*** | (0.66) | (0.31) |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.00)*** | (0.91) | (0.99) | (0.00)*** | (0.98) | (0.95) |
| Num. of Friends | −0.33 | −0.32 | −1.17 | −0.74 | −1.03 | −1.52 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.57) | (0.84) | (0.57) | (0.35) | (0.43) | (0.25) |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.86) | (0.98) | (0.99) | (0.56) | (0.98) | (0.88) |
| Trust. Score | −0.19 | 0.43 | 0.29 | −0.46 | 0.78 | 0.66 |
| Unadjusted P- Value | (0.34) | (0.23) | (0.49) | (0.02)*** | (0.04)*** | (0.08)** |
| Stepdown P- Value | (0.86) | (0.91) | (0.99) | (0.19) | (0.46) | (0.75) |
Note 1: This table shows the estimates of the coefficient for attending Reggio Approach preschools from multiple methods. We specify various ways to compare Reggio Approach individuals with age-50 people who did have access to Reggio Approach preschools. We compare Age-50 individuals, who preceded the Reggio Approach, with individuals in age-30 and age-40 cohorts who attended Reggio Approach preschools. Column titles indicate the corresponding control set and and model. OLS30 = OLS estimate that compares Reggio Age-30 individuals who attended Reggio Approach preschools with Reggio Age-50 individuals who did not attend any preschool. DiD30 = difference-in-differences estimate of (Reggio Age-30 Muni – Reggio Age-50 Other) – (Reggio Age-30 None – Reggio Age-50 None). KMDiD30 = difference-in-differences kernel matching estimate of (Reggio Age-30 Muni – Reggio Age-50 Other) – (Reggio Age-30 None – Reggio Age-50 None). OLS40 = OLS estimate that compares Reggio Age-40 individuals who attended Reggio Approach preschools with Reggio Age-50 individuals who did not attend any preschool. DiD40 = difference-in-differences estimate of (Reggio Age-40 Muni – Reggio Age-50 Other) – (Reggio Age-40 None – Reggio Age-50 None). KMDiD40 = difference-in-differences kernel matching estimate of (Reggio Age-40 Muni – Reggio Age-50 Other) – (Reggio Age-40 None – Reggio Age-50 None).
Note 2: Both unadjusted p-value and stepdown p-value are reported. ***, **, and * indicate significance of the coefficients at the 15%, 10%, and 5% levels respectively.