Table 2.
Biomarker changes in PD and control group within a linear mixed model.
| Parameter | Control | PD | Group difference | P of trend with interaction of time and group | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Median (range) | Mean ± SD | Median (range) | P† | diff$ | |
| α-synuclein | 0.950 | |||||
| Value at baseline | 2,163 ± 976 | 1,950 (593 to 5,238) | 1,783 ± 700 | 1,704 (333 to 5,174) | 0.007 | |
| Value at 6 months | 2,196 ± 924 | 2,070 (659 to 5,209) | 1,822 ± 700 | 1,770 (680 to 4,659) | 0.001 | |
| Crude change till 6 months | 33 ± 623 | 7 (-1,913 to 2,258) | 40 ± 317 | 34 (−674 to 837) | 0.948 | |
| Change% till 6 months | 8 ± 37 | 0 (−61 to 257) | 6 ± 27 | 2 (−40 to 192) | 0.943 | |
| P§-within linear mixed model till 6 months | 1.000 | 0.774 | ||||
| Value at 1 year | 2,166 ± 964 | 2,037 (729 to 5,295) | 1,812 ± 712 | 1,700 (782 to 4,633) | 0.004 | |
| Crude change till 1 year | 3 ± 589 | −5 (−2,292 to 1,748) | 30 ± 406 | 11 (−1,612 to 1,284) | 0.872 | |
| Change% till 1 year | 5 ± 34 | 0 (−55 to 161) | 6 ± 31 | 1 (−46 to 202) | 0.737 | |
| P§-within linear mixed model till 1 year | 1.000 | 1.000 | ||||
| P-tau | 0.654 | |||||
| Value at baseline | 17 ± 9 | 14 (6 to 59) | 15 ± 8 | 12 (6 to 40) | 0.032 | |
| Value at 6 months | 16 ± 8 | 13 (6 to 53) | 15 ± 9 | 11 (5 to 56) | 0.221 | |
| Crude change till 6 months | −1 ± 9 | 0 (−24 to 39) | 0 ± 10 | 0 (−22 to 40) | 0.421 | |
| Change% till 6 months | 0 ± 0 | 0 (−2 to 1) | 0 ± 1 | 0 (−2 to 2) | 0.433 | |
| P§-within linear mixed model till 6 months | 0.983 | 1.000 | ||||
| Value at 1 year | 20 ± 13 | 16 (6 to 90) | 19 ± 11 | 15 (5 to 58) | 0.622 | |
| Crude change till 1 year | 3 ± 15 | 1 (−30 to 75) | 4 ± 13 | 3 (−27 to 47) | 0.365 | |
| Change% till 1 year | 0 ± 1 | 0 (−2 to 4) | 0 ± 1 | 0 (−2 to 3) | 0.256 | |
| P§-within linear mixed model till 1 year | 0.094 | 0.003 | ||||
| T-tau | 0.240 | |||||
| Value at baseline | 52 ± 26 | 45 (18 to 188) | 45 ± 18 | 39 (22 to 121) | 0.047 | |
| Value at 6 months | 51 ± 24 | 45 (17 to 181) | 43 ± 18 | 37 (16 to 135) | 0.002 | |
| Crude change till 6 months | −1 ± 9 | 0 (−27 to 35) | −2 ± 6 | −2 (−15 to 22) | 0.037 | |
| Change% till 6 months | 0 ± 0 | 0 (−1 to 2) | 0 ± 0 | 0 (−2 to 2) | 0.006 | |
| P§-within linear mixed model till 6 months | 1.000 | 0.007 | ||||
| Value at 1 year | 53 ± 27 | 45 (19 to 216) | 44 ± 18 | 39 (19 to 129) | 0.002 | |
| Crude change till 1 year | 1 ± 10 | 1 (−28 to 40) | −1 ± 6 | −1 (−28 to 15) | 0.047 | |
| Change% till 1 year | 0 ± 0 | 0 (−1 to 3) | 0 ± 0 | 0 (−1 to 2) | 0.025 | |
| P§-within linear mixed model till 1 year | 0.893 | 0.459 | ||||
| Aβ1−42 | 0.785 | |||||
| Value at baseline | 368 ± 103 | 379 (89 to 680) | 362 ± 84 | 368 (140 to 627) | 0.561 | |
| Value at 6 months | 374 ± 100 | 374 (98 to 610) | 364 ± 95 | 374 (129 to 687) | 0.245 | |
| Crude change till 6 months | 6 ± 54 | 5 (−230 to 152) | 2 ± 52 | 4 (−122 to 205) | 0.404 | |
| Change% till 6 months | 0 ± 3 | 0 (−18 to 8) | 0 ± 4 | 0 (−28 to 19) | 0.484 | |
| P§-within linear mixed model till 6 months | 0.835 | 1.000 | ||||
| Value at 1 year | 388 ± 106 | 392 (95 to 691) | 382 ± 105 | 379 (144 to 733) | 0.376 | |
| Crude change till 1 year | 20 ± 64 | 20 (−265 to 190) | 20 ± 71 | 6 (−161 to 317) | 0.370 | |
| Change% till 1 year | 1 ± 4 | 1 (−12 to 16) | 1 ± 4 | 0 (−8 to 14) | 0.428 | |
| P§-within linear mixed model till 1 year | 0.022 | 0.043 | ||||
†
P-value of comparing the groups at each timepoint based on Mann-Whitney test; however, the 95% Confidence Intervals are based on t-statistics.
§
Longitudinal changes within the liner mixed model in each group, multiple comparison correction performed by Bonferroni method.
$
Comparison between the trend of changes in groups based on interaction analysis of time and group, within a linear mixed model.