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. 2018 Apr 24;177(3):875–895. doi: 10.1104/pp.18.00142

Table II. Functions of CHX and NHX in Arabidopsis and other plants.

Plant Transporter Tissue Expression Membrane Location Transport Mode Main Function or Mutant Phenotype References
NHX
 AtNHX1, NHX2 Ubiquitous Tonoplast K+(Na)/H+ K+ uptake into vacuolar compartments for cell expansion; vacuole biogenesis; vacuole alkalinization; guard cell movement 1
 AtNHX5, NHX6, LeNHX2 Ubiquitous Golgi, TGN K+(Na)/H+ pH homeostasis in TGN/PVC affects cargo sorting to vacuole and vacuole biogenesis 2
 AtSOS1/NHX7 Root, stem, and leaf xylem PM Na+/H+ sos1 mutant is hypersensitive to Na+ and Li+, cannot grow on low K+; extrudes Na+ out of the cell 3
 AtNHX8 Ubiquitous PM Li+/H+ nhx8 mutant is hypersensitive to Li; extrudes Li+ out of the cell. 4
 InNHX1 or ItNHX1 Flower petal Tonoplast K+(Na)/H+ Vacuole alkalinization turns morning glory petals blue 5
CHX
 AtCHX13 Pollen, root tip PM K+ chx13 mutant is sensitive to K+ deficiency 6
 AtCHX14 Pollen, root, shoot vascular PM K+ efflux Overexpressing plant is sensitive to low K+
 AtCHX16 Root ER, PVC, PM K+ chx16 chx17 chx18 chx19 mutant shows lower seed set; poor plant growth on hydroponic medium 7
 AtCHX17 Root, pollen PVC, PM K+/nH+ (predicted from core residues) K+ (Rb) Triple chx17 chx18 chx19 mutant shows disorganized pollen wall; reduced male fertility; impaired fertilization, reduced seed set 8
 AtCHX18 Hydathode, vascular, sperm PVC, PM
 AtCHX19 Pollen PVC, PM
 OsCHX14 Flower Endomembrane, ER K+ (Rb) Jasmonic acid (JA) signaling and flower opening; K+, Rb transport in oocyte 9
 AtCHX20 Guard cell, root cap Reticulate, ER K+ Participates in stomatal opening, guard cell movement 10
 GmSALT3 Root, vascular ER Confers salt tolerance in wild soybean 11a
 Gm/GsCHX1 K+ 11b
 PpCHX1,2 Protonema Punctate, PM K+ efflux? No phenotype yet 12
 AtCHX23 (CHX21) Pollen, tube ER K+ Involved in pollen tube targeting of ovule 13