Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 19.
Published in final edited form as: J Quant Criminol. 2006 Jun 16;22(3):193–214.

Table 6.

Multiple multinomial regression of childhood behaviors, family resources and interaction, on serious criminal arrests: odds ratio and 95% confidence interval

Females (n = 572)
OR (95% CI)
Males (n = 533)
OR (95% CI)
Childhood behavior cluster
 (0=no problem)
2. Mild conduct problems 1.38 (0.71, 2.65) 2.18 (1.17, 4.06)*
3. High shyness 0.66 (0.18, 2.46) 1.78 (0.73, 4.30)
4. Moderate problems but not shy or aggressive 1.84 (0.70, 4.86) 1.86 (0.87, 3.95)
5. Moderate aggressiveness 2.24 (1.04, 4.80)* 2.84 (1.29, 6.25)*
6. Mild underachievement (female) 1.15 (0.52, 2.57) 3.75 (1.53, 9.19)*
 Multiple problems but not shy (male)
7. Multiple problems 2.77 (1.07, 7.19)* 4.84 (1.93, 12.14)*
Family resources
Mother’s education (0–18) 1.03 (0.92, 1.15) 0.95 (0.87, 1.03)
Number of children < 19 at home (1–15) 1.10 (0.99, 1.23) 1.06 (0.97, 1.15)
Family type (0 = mother/father family)
 Mother alone 1.50 (0.90, 2.51) 1.62 (1.06, 2.49)*
 Mother other 1.49 (0.74, 2.96) 0.94 (0.54, 1.63)
 Mother absent 2.50 (0.95, 6.58) 1.57 (0.62, 3.99)
Family interaction
Discipline: punishment & spanking (2–13) 1.15 (1.01, 1.31)* 1.07 (0.97, 1.19)
Affection: taken out to movies and played or read (1–7) 1.03 (0.88, 1.22) 1.04 (0.91, 1.19)
*

P < 0.05; The reference category is no crime; The findings of nonserious crime were not reported; The independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) assumption of multinomial logit was not violated (χ2=8.81 (13 df), P = 0.787 for males; χ2=3.37 (13 df), P = 0.996 for females)