Table 6.

Multiple multinomial regression of childhood behaviors, family resources and interaction, on serious criminal arrests: odds ratio and 95% confidence interval

	Females (n = 572) OR (95% CI)	Males (n = 533) OR (95% CI)
Childhood behavior cluster
(0=no problem)
2. Mild conduct problems	1.38 (0.71, 2.65)	2.18 (1.17, 4.06)*
3. High shyness	0.66 (0.18, 2.46)	1.78 (0.73, 4.30)
4. Moderate problems but not shy or aggressive	1.84 (0.70, 4.86)	1.86 (0.87, 3.95)
5. Moderate aggressiveness	2.24 (1.04, 4.80)*	2.84 (1.29, 6.25)*
6. Mild underachievement (female)	1.15 (0.52, 2.57)	3.75 (1.53, 9.19)*
Multiple problems but not shy (male)
7. Multiple problems	2.77 (1.07, 7.19)*	4.84 (1.93, 12.14)*
Family resources
Mother’s education (0–18)	1.03 (0.92, 1.15)	0.95 (0.87, 1.03)
Number of children < 19 at home (1–15)	1.10 (0.99, 1.23)	1.06 (0.97, 1.15)
Family type (0 = mother/father family)
Mother alone	1.50 (0.90, 2.51)	1.62 (1.06, 2.49)*
Mother other	1.49 (0.74, 2.96)	0.94 (0.54, 1.63)
Mother absent	2.50 (0.95, 6.58)	1.57 (0.62, 3.99)
Family interaction
Discipline: punishment & spanking (2–13)	1.15 (1.01, 1.31)*	1.07 (0.97, 1.19)
Affection: taken out to movies and played or read (1–7)	1.03 (0.88, 1.22)	1.04 (0.91, 1.19)

^*P < 0.05; The reference category is no crime; The findings of nonserious crime were not reported; The independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) assumption of multinomial logit was not violated (χ²=8.81 (13 df), P = 0.787 for males; χ²=3.37 (13 df), P = 0.996 for females)