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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jul 19.
Published in final edited form as: J Quant Criminol. 2006 Jun 16;22(3):193–214.

Table 7.

Multiple multinomial regression of childhood behaviors, family resources and interaction, on serious criminal arrests: odds ratio and 95% confidence interval

Females (n = 572) OR (95 CD)
Males (n = 533) OR (95% CD)
Serious property crime Serious violent crime Serious property crime Serious violent crime
Childhood behavior cluster
 (0=no problem)
2. Mild conduct problems 1.51 (0.64, 3.55) 1.22 (0.48, 3.10) 1.46 (0.50, 4.26) 2.45 (1.24, 4.88)*
3. High shyness 0.80 (0.16, 4.01) 0.48 (0.06, 4.05) 1.22 (0.25, 5.98) 1.98 (0.76, 5.13)
4. Moderate problems but not shy or aggressive 1.30 (0.32, 5.30) 2.42 (0.71, 8.26) 1.39 (0.38, 5.12) 2.03 (0.89, 4.62)
5. Moderate aggressiveness 1.40 (0.46, 4.27) 3.14 (1.18, 8.34)* 1.07 (0.23, 5.02) 3.46 (1.48, 8.05)*
6. Mild underachievement (female) 1.47 (0.54, 3.97) 0.77 (0.22, 2.71) 4.54 (1.17, 17.66)* 3.57 (1.35, 9.41)*
 Multiple problems but not shy (male)
7. Multiple problems 1.58 (0.38, 6.62) 4.01 (1.25, 12.87)* 3.33 (0.79, 14.06) 5.34 (1.99, 14.33)*
Family resources
Mother’s education (0–18) 1.03 (0.89, 1.19) 1.02 (0.88, 1.19) 0.99 (0.86, 1.16) 0.94 (0.86, 1.03)
Number of children < 19 at home (1–15) 1.18 (1.03, 1.34)* 1.03 (0.89, 1.19) 0.98 (0.84, 1.14) 1.07 (0.98, 1.17)
Family type (0 = mother/father family)
 Mother alone 1.40 (0.71, 2.78) 1.62 (0.80, 3.27) 1.02 (0.48, 2.20) 1.79 (1.14, 2.81)*
 Mother other 1.30 (0.51, 3.32) 1.69 (0.67, 4.25) 1.20 (0.50, 2.90) 0.86 (0.47, 1.57)
 Mother absent 2.89 (0.86, 9.69) 2.10 (0.53, 8.30) 0.53 (0.06, 4.65) 1.87 (0.72, 4.86)
Family interaction
Discipline: punishment and spanking (1–9) 1.12 (0.95, 1.33) 1.19 (0.99, 1.42) 1.13 (0.95, 1.35) 1.06 (0.95, 1.18)
Affection: taken out to movies and play or read (1–7) 0.99 (0.80, 1.23) 1.08 (0.86, 1.35) 0.93 (0.73, 1.17) 1.07 (0.93, 1.24)
*

P < 0.05; The reference category is no crime. The findings of nonserious crime were not reported; The independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) assumption of multinomial logit was not violated (χ2=9.65 (13 df), P = 0.722 for males; χ2=4.17 (13 df), P = 0.989 for females)