Table 7.
Multiple multinomial regression of childhood behaviors, family resources and interaction, on serious criminal arrests: odds ratio and 95% confidence interval
| Females (n = 572) OR (95 CD)
|
Males (n = 533) OR (95% CD)
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Serious property crime | Serious violent crime | Serious property crime | Serious violent crime | |
| Childhood behavior cluster | ||||
| (0=no problem) | ||||
| 2. Mild conduct problems | 1.51 (0.64, 3.55) | 1.22 (0.48, 3.10) | 1.46 (0.50, 4.26) | 2.45 (1.24, 4.88)* |
| 3. High shyness | 0.80 (0.16, 4.01) | 0.48 (0.06, 4.05) | 1.22 (0.25, 5.98) | 1.98 (0.76, 5.13) |
| 4. Moderate problems but not shy or aggressive | 1.30 (0.32, 5.30) | 2.42 (0.71, 8.26) | 1.39 (0.38, 5.12) | 2.03 (0.89, 4.62) |
| 5. Moderate aggressiveness | 1.40 (0.46, 4.27) | 3.14 (1.18, 8.34)* | 1.07 (0.23, 5.02) | 3.46 (1.48, 8.05)* |
| 6. Mild underachievement (female) | 1.47 (0.54, 3.97) | 0.77 (0.22, 2.71) | 4.54 (1.17, 17.66)* | 3.57 (1.35, 9.41)* |
| Multiple problems but not shy (male) | ||||
| 7. Multiple problems | 1.58 (0.38, 6.62) | 4.01 (1.25, 12.87)* | 3.33 (0.79, 14.06) | 5.34 (1.99, 14.33)* |
| Family resources | ||||
| Mother’s education (0–18) | 1.03 (0.89, 1.19) | 1.02 (0.88, 1.19) | 0.99 (0.86, 1.16) | 0.94 (0.86, 1.03) |
| Number of children < 19 at home (1–15) | 1.18 (1.03, 1.34)* | 1.03 (0.89, 1.19) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.14) | 1.07 (0.98, 1.17) |
| Family type (0 = mother/father family) | ||||
| Mother alone | 1.40 (0.71, 2.78) | 1.62 (0.80, 3.27) | 1.02 (0.48, 2.20) | 1.79 (1.14, 2.81)* |
| Mother other | 1.30 (0.51, 3.32) | 1.69 (0.67, 4.25) | 1.20 (0.50, 2.90) | 0.86 (0.47, 1.57) |
| Mother absent | 2.89 (0.86, 9.69) | 2.10 (0.53, 8.30) | 0.53 (0.06, 4.65) | 1.87 (0.72, 4.86) |
| Family interaction | ||||
| Discipline: punishment and spanking (1–9) | 1.12 (0.95, 1.33) | 1.19 (0.99, 1.42) | 1.13 (0.95, 1.35) | 1.06 (0.95, 1.18) |
| Affection: taken out to movies and play or read (1–7) | 0.99 (0.80, 1.23) | 1.08 (0.86, 1.35) | 0.93 (0.73, 1.17) | 1.07 (0.93, 1.24) |
*
P < 0.05; The reference category is no crime. The findings of nonserious crime were not reported; The independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA) assumption of multinomial logit was not violated (χ2=9.65 (13 df), P = 0.722 for males; χ2=4.17 (13 df), P = 0.989 for females)