Table 4.
Parameters for Individual Predictors of Pain Intensity and Region Specific Disability
| 12 Month Pain Intensity (potential range = 0 – 10) | |||||
|
| |||||
| Completed Cases | Estimate | Regression Imputed | Estimate | Inverse Probability Weighted | Estimate |
|
| |||||
| Intercept | −0.91 | Intercept | −0.34 | −1.12 | |
|
| |||||
| Education (reference – High School or lower) | |||||
| Some college | 0.84 | ||||
| Graduated from college | −0.01 | ||||
| Some post-graduate courses | 0.05 | ||||
| Completed post-graduate | −0.22 | ||||
| Prefer not to answer | −0.31 | ||||
|
| |||||
| Previous Episode (reference – No) | Previous Episode (reference – No) | Previous Episode (reference – No) | |||
| Yes | 0.83 | Yes | 0.61 | Yes | 0.89 |
|
| |||||
| Baseline Pain Intensity | 0.41 | Baseline Pain Intensity | 0.35 | Baseline Pain Intensity | 0.43 |
|
| |||||
| OSPRO-YF (10 items) | 0.07 | OSPRO-YF (10 items) | 0.05 | OSPRO-YF (10 items) | 0.08 |
|
| |||||
| OSPRO-YF (change) | 0.08 | OSPRO-YF (change) | 0.06 | OSPRO-YF (change) | 0.08 |
|
| |||||
| 12 Month Region Specific Disability (potential range = units in standard deviation) | |||||
|
| |||||
| Completed Cases | Estimate | Regression Imputed | Estimate | Inverse Probability Weighted | Estimate |
|
| |||||
| Intercept | −1.22 | Intercept | −1.41 | Intercept | −1.30 |
|
| |||||
| Gender (reference – Female) | Age (years) | 0.01 | Gender (reference – Female) | ||
| Male | −0.29 | Male | −0.31 | ||
|
| |||||
| Race (reference – White) | Previous Episode# (reference – No) | Race (reference – White) | |||
| American Indian/Alaska Native | 1.06 | Yes | 0.28 | American Indian/Alaska Native | 0.97 |
| Asian | −0.16 | Asian | −0.16 | ||
| Black or African American | 0.26 | Black or African American | 0.32 | ||
| Prefer not to answer | 2.22 | Prefer not to answer | 2.48 | ||
|
| |||||
| Anatomical Region (reference – Knee) | |||||
| Neck | −0.01 | ||||
| Low Back | −0.13 | ||||
| Shoulder | −0.76 | ||||
|
| |||||
| Comorbidity (# baseline) | 0.08 | Comorbidity (# baseline) | 0.06 | Comorbidity (# baseline) | 0.08 |
|
| |||||
| Baseline Z Score | 0.35 | Baseline Z Score | 0.34 | Baseline Z Score | 0.36 |
|
| |||||
| OSPRO-YF (10 items) | 0.03 | OSPRO-YF (10 items) | 0.01 | OSPRO-YF (10 items) | 0.04 |
|
| |||||
| OSPRO-YF (change) | 0.04 | OSPRO-YF (4-week change) | 0.04 | OSPRO-YF (change) | 0.04 |
|
| |||||
| Anatomical Region × YF (reference – Knee) | |||||
| Neck | 0.03 | ||||
| Low Back | 0.02 | ||||
| Shoulder | 0.06 | ||||
Table Key:
- Pain intensity was from 0–10 numeric rating scale; region specific disability was from z-scores derived from validated questionnaires for neck, shoulder, back, and knee disability;
- OSPRO-YF = Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome Yellow Flag Tool; OSPRO-ROS = Optimal Screening for Prediction of Referral and Outcome Review of Systems Tool; Comorbidity included unique number from Charlson and Functional Comorbidity Indices