Table 2.
Currently available and investigational B-cell therapies for MS
| Drug | Antigen target, epitope | Trials completed | Trials ongoing | FDA approval |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ocrelizumab | CD20, binds to large loop 170ANPS173 core epitope, P168 and P170 assist in binding | Phase II in RRMS Phase III in RRMS and PPMS |
On fast-track evaluation for PPMS | |
| Rituximab | CD20, binds to large loop 170ANPS173 core epitope, 182YCYSI186 assists in binding | Phase I and II in RRMS Phase II/III in PPMS |
Phase I in PPMS | |
| Ofatumumab | CD20, binds to large loop FLKMESLNFIRAHTP core epitope and regions in small loop | Phase II in RRMS | Phase III in RRMS | |
| Ublituximab | CD20 | Phase II in RRMS | ||
| Alemtuzumab | CD52 | Phase II and III RRMS Phase II in SPMS and PPMS |
Approved for RRMS | |
| Atacicept | BAFF, APRIL | Phase II in RRMS | ||
| Tabalumab | BAFF | Phase II RRMS | ||
| Belimumab | BAFF |
Abbreviations: FDA, US Food and Drug Administration; PPMS, primary-progressive multiple sclerosis; RRMS, relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis; SPMS, secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis.