Table 3. Most common diagnoses for commonly prescribed off-label medications.
| Medication | On-Label | Off-Label | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Diagnosis | % (95% CI)* | Diagnosis | % (95% CI)* | |
| Citalopram | MDD-single episode | 42.5% (38.3–47.3) | Manic-Depressive psychosis, unspecified | 75.9% (73.2–77.5) |
| Depression, unclassified | 35.6% (30.3–42.1) | Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 20.3% (14.7–25.6) | |
| MDD–recurrent | 21.9% (18.2–28.1) | Bipolar affective disorder, mixed | 3.4% (1.8–6.2) | |
| Other | 0.4% (0.1–0.6) | |||
| Trazodone | MDD-recurrent | 35.8% (31.3–39.6) | Insomnia, unspecified | 54.8% (47.3–59.8) |
| MDD–single episode | 33.4% (28.7–37.5) | Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 34.3% (28.5–38.1) | |
| Depression, unclassified | 30.8% (23.1–35.2) | Anxiety State, unspecified | 10.7% (8.1–14.3) | |
| Other | 0.2% (0.1–0.5) | |||
| Eszopiclone | Organic insomnia | 96.8% (95.4–97.8) | Bipolar I Disorder | 73.2% (68.4–76.6) |
| Insomnia, unspecified | 3.2% (1.4–7.4) | Manic-Depressive psychoses | 26.8% (22.4–29.5) | |
| Quetiapine | Bipolar Mania | 43.8% (37.3–49.6) | MDD | 51.2% (47.8–54.2) |
| Bipolar Depression | 31.2% (24.3–38.6) | Generalized Anxiety disorder | 40.3% (37.8–42.9) | |
| Simple type Schizophrenia, chronic | 25.0% (21.3–29.4) | Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 8.5% (6.1–10.3) | |
| Alprazolam | Generalized anxiety disorder | 48.6% (43.1–54.3) | Major Depressive Disorder | 33.6% (28.6–35.7) |
| Panic Disorder | 37.1% (34.2–43.7) | Insomnia | 28.1% (24.9–33.7) | |
| Anxiety State, unspecified | 14.3% (10.3–18.7) | Neurotic Depression | 22.4% (19.4–26.3) | |
| Prolonged Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | 15.9% (14.7–18.2) | |||
| Amphetamine | Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder | 100% (100.0–100.0) | Major Depressive Disorder, single episode | 79.2% (76.4–83.2) |
| Neurotic Depression | 20.8% (17.5–22.4) | |||
* % is weighted