Fig 4. Species cohabitation enables inter-species communication.

(A) Experimental design of dialect training for flies that are used as students. Two species are cohabitated for one week prior to being used as students for naive, untrained teacher flies of the opposite species. Percentage of eggs laid by exposed flies normalized to eggs laid by unexposed flies is shown. Communication between trained students D. melanogaster and: D. ananassae showing strong communication following cohabitation (B, C), D. kikkawai showing strong communication following co-incubation (D, E), D. willistoni showing partial communication following co-incubation (F,G), D. equinoxialis showing partial communication following co-incubation (H,I), and D. virilis showing no communication following co-incubation (J,K). Error bars represent standard error (n = 12 biological replicates except for (C), n = 24 replicates) (*p < 0.05).