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. 2017 Oct 12;9(8):717–728. doi: 10.1007/s13238-017-0470-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Activin A represses EPI lineage. (A) Nanog immunostaining in Activin A-treated and untreated embryos at E4.5. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (Blue). Scale bars, 20 μm. (B) Average numbers of EPI cells (Nanog-positive cells) in Activin A-treated and untreated embryos at E4.5. Error bars indicate SD. **P < 0.01 by ANOVA. N is the number of embryos examined. (C) Late blastocysts in the Activin A-treated group and the control group. Scale bars, 20 μm. (D) Heatmap of selected genes associated with EPI lineage. Heatmap was plotted with Z-score normalized RPKM. (E) Quantitative RT-PCR analyzed the expression of genes selected by heatmap of EPI Markers. Error bars indicate SD (n = 3). **P < 0.01 by Student’s t-test