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. 2018 Jul 19;8:10906. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-29317-6

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In vitro culture of the incisors and Stat3 inhibitor treatment. (A) A Western blot analysis showed that the application of Stat3 inhibitors of Ag490 or S3I-201 suppressed immunoreactivity to pStat3 but not to Stat3. (B) AG-490 or S3I-201, specific pharmaceutical Stat3 inhibitors, were applied on explanted lower incisors at E16.0 and cultured for 6 days. The size of the incisor explants did not change with Ag490 or S3I-201 treatment. (C) A qPCR analysis of the lower incisors showed that Ag490 treatment resulted in the marked downregulation of the Lgr5 expression, while the expression of Sox2 was upregulated. Ag490 treatment also resulted in the downregulation of the expression of Amelogenin, while AG490 significantly upregulated the Socs3 expression. *p < 0.05. (D) The Treatment of S3I-201 also specifically downregulated the expression levels of Lgr5 and Amelogenin, whereas the Sox2 expression did not deviate and the Socs3 expression was upregulated by S3I-201 treatment. *p < 0.05. cl, cervical loop.