Fig. 3.

Ginkgolide B reduced monocyte adhesion to TNFα-treated HUVECs under different conditions of laminar shear stress. HUVECs were incubated with ginkgolide B (0.6 mg/ml) or aspirin (1 mM) for 12 h, and then TNFα (20 ng/ml) was added for another 2 h. The monocyte suspension was then added to the input well at 1 and 9 dyn/cm² of laminar shear stress for 45 min. The data were obtained from three independent experiments. a Ginkgolide B reduced TNFα-induced monocyte adhesion to HUVECs at 1 and 9 dyn/cm². b Monocyte adhesion to HUVECs. ^#p < 0.05, significant difference between TNFα-treated and -untreated HUVECs. *p < 0.01, significant difference between TNFα-treated cells and ginkgolide B- and aspirin-treated cells