Table 1.
Patient characteristics and univariable and multivariable logistic regression using generalized estimating equation for evaluation of risk factors for ESC-R in patients with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Swiss NHs between 2007 and 2016
| ESC-S | ESC-R | Univariable | Multivariable | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 9′093 | n = 1′339 | Row %a | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Sex | 0.03 | 0.003 | |||||
| Female | 7′436 | 1′063 | 12.5 | ref. | ref. | ||
| Male | 1′657 | 276 | 14.3 | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | ||
| Age in years | |||||||
| < 70 | 713 | 110 | 13.4 | ref. | – | ||
| 70–85 | 5′479 | 799 | 12.7 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.60 | ||
| > 85 | 2′901 | 430 | 12.9 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.74 | ||
| Region | |||||||
| French/Italian speaking | 6′407 | 1′037 | 13.9 | ref. | ref. | ||
| German speaking | 2′686 | 302 | 10.1 | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | <.0001 | 0.5 (0.4–0.7) | <.0001 |
| Site | |||||||
| Urogenital | 8′788 | 1′286 | 12.8 | ref. | – | ||
| Other | 305 | 53 | 14.8 | 1.4 (0.7–2.5) | 0.34 | ||
| Species | |||||||
| E. coli | 7′396 | 1′211 | 14.1 | ref. | ref. | ||
| K. pneumoniae | 1′697 | 128 | 7.0 | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | <.0001 | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | <.0001 |
Abbreviations: ESC-R Extended-spectrum beta-lactam resistant, ESC-S Extended-spectrum beta-lactam susceptible, NH Nursing Home, OR Odds Ratio, CI Confidence Interval, ref Reference
Significant P values are in bold and non-significant ones (P ≥ 0.05) are not in bold
aESC-R/(ESC-S + ESC-R)