Table 1.

Linear mixed model (LMM) of the effect of social environment on the morphology of the baculum of male house mice. Values in italics are significant at p < 0.05.

fixed effects	estimate	±s.e.	type II, Wald χ2	p	random effects	variance	±s.d.
centroid size
intercept	5.7536	0.4747			tub	0.00010	0.01220
social environment	0.0153	0.0104	2.178	0.1400	family	0.00020	0.01340
body length	0.5042	0.1091	21.358	<0.0001
RW1
intercept	−0.0531	0.2656			tub	0.00002	0.00470
social environment	−0.0305	0.0059	26.1630	<0.0001	family	0.00000	0.00190
body length	0.0226	0.0610	0.0028	0.7133
RW2
intercept	−0.1718	0.1747			tub	0.00000	0.00000
social environment	0.0026	0.0032	0.6299	0.4274	family	0.00006	0.00780
body length	0.0376	0.0402	0.8777	0.3488
RW3
intercept	−0.3938	0.1308			tub	0.00002	0.00464
social environment	0.0051	0.0033	2.4461	0.1178	family	0.00000	0.00000
body length	0.0872	0.0301	8.4015	0.0037