Table 2.
Early Mesolithic (Preboreal and early Boreal) burials. *Commingled sample (46 fragments).
| site | chronology direct dates | individuals | grave features | objects | references |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aveline's Hole | 8890 ± 45 GrA-22421 8925 ± 45 GrA-22431 8960 ± 50 GrA-22938 8980 ± 50 GrA-22605 9020 ± 50 GrA-22555 9060 ± 50 GrA-22546 9075 ± 45 GrA-22428 9090 ± 45 GrA-22433 9095 ± 45 GrA-22422 9100 ± 45 GrA-22429 9120 ± 50 GrA-22557 9130 ± 60 GrA-22621 9155 ± 45 GrA-22432 9170 ± 50 GrA-22547 9170 ± 50 GrA-22548 9180 ± 50 GrA-22607 9200 ± 50 GrA-22552 9210 ± 70 GrA-22558 |
∼ 50 Individuals | single inhumations double burials? Secondary burials? |
[46,47] | |
| Gough's Cave | 9100 ± 100 (OxA-814) 9080 ± 150 (BM-525) |
1 (Cheddar Man) | single inhumation | [47–49] | |
| Badger Hole | 9360 ± 110 (OxA-1459) 9060 ± 130 (OxA-679) |
[47–50] | |||
| Worm's Head | 9920 ± 160 (OxA-13131) 9450 ± 50 (OxA-11128) 9420 ± 55 (OxA-11083) 9360 ± 50 (OxA-11129) 9294 ± 49 (OxA-16607) 9255 ± 45 (OxA-19844) |
isolated bones, 2 femur, ulna, scapula, 2 crania | [47] | ||
| Greylake | 9118 ± 37 (Wk-30930) 9134 ± 37 (Wk- 30931) 9170 ± 40 (OxA -25666) |
2 skulls, mandible, postcranial remains | burials? | [51] | |
| Grotte Margaux | 9190 ± 100 (Lv-1709)* *9590 ± 110 (GifA-92345) 9530 ± 120 (GifA-92355) 9260 ± 120 (GifA-92362) 9530 ± 120 (OxA-3533) 9350 ± 120 (OxA-3534) |
MNI: 9 adult females | collective burial in a pit | red ochre on bones | [52] |
| Abri des Autours | 9500 ± 75 (OxA-4917) 9090 ± 140 (OxA-5838) |
1 mature female collective burial, MNI: 6 (1 cremated) |
grave pit pit |
[53] | |
| Grotte des Sarrasins (Loverval) | 9640 ± 100 BP (GifA-94536) 9090 ± 100 (Lv-1506) |
2 adult female burials |
disturbed | [52–55] | |
| Fissure de Claminforge | 9525 ± 60 (OxA-10552) 9320 ± 75 (OxA-5451) |
MNI: 5 3 adults, 2 children 8–9 years |
disturbed by modern activity (collective burial) |
[54,55] | |
| Faille du Burin | 9520 ± 55 (OxA-10585) 9345 ± 75 (OxA-8938) 9335 ± 65 (OxA-10595) 9315 ± 50 (OxA-10564) |
MNI: 6 4 adults, 2 children |
collective burial | [54,55] | |
| Bois Laiterie | 9515 ± 65 OxA-8910) 9445 ± 60 (OxA-8878) 9420 ± 65 (OxA-8911) 9235 ± 85 (GX-21380) |
MNI: 6 4 adults, 2 children (one∼2 years) |
collective burial | red ochre on some bones | [54,55] |
| Grotte Lombeau | 9410 ± 70 (OxA-6441) 9360 ± 75 (OxA-6440) 9015 ± 80 (OxA-6445) |
several individuals | collective burial | red ochre on some bones | [54,55] |
| Grotte de Petit-Ri | 9270 ± 90 (OxA-5042) |
MNI: 4 (adult) | collective burial | [54,55] | |
| Bourg Charente | 9330 ± 50 BP (Beta-283143) |
1: adult | single inhumation grave pit flexed position |
2 flint flakes 1 limestone pebble (usewear) |
[56] |
| Houleau | 9250 ± 50 BP (OxA-5683) | 2: bone remains | [27] | ||
| Blaubeuren-Altental | 9520 ± 80 BP (ETH-6668) | adult male | [57] | ||
| Blätterhöhle | 9700 ± 30 (KIA-45012) 9475 ± 50 (OxA-14466) 9435 ± 40 (KIA-26265) 9470 ± 45 (OxA-14463) 9460 ± 45 (KIA-37515) 9390 ± 35 (KIA-24689) 9370 ± 45 (KIA-37509) 9355 ± 40 (KIA-37516) 9275 ± 45 (KIA-37511) |
MNI: 7 (2 children, 5 adults) individuals isolated remains |
[58] | ||
| Arene Candide, cave, Italy | III: 10,065 ± 55 BP (OxA-10998) Vb: 9925 ± 50 BP (OxA-10999) |
III: 1 Ind. V: 2 Ind. |
double burial, secondary burial |
red ochre, grave goods? | [6–9] |
| VasilEvska III |
V6: 10,060 ± 105 BP (OxA-3807) V7: 9980 ± 100 BP (OxA-3808) V16: 10,080 ± 100 BP (OxA-3809) |
6: adult 7: infant 16: adult/mature female |
all flexed positions all single inhumations |
6: red ochre | [59] |
| Olenij Ostrov | 100: 9910 ± 80 BP (GIN-4836) | 100: adult male | sitting position single inhumation |
126 lamellae of beaver teeth, 303 elk incisors, 2 perforated bear canines | [59] |
| Padina | 12: 9331 ± 58 BP (BM-1146) 14: 9198 ± 103 (BM-1147) 39: 9292 ± 148 (BM-1404) 11: 10,000 ± 60 (OxA-11104) 15: 9480 ± 55 (OxA-11105) 21: 10,095 ± 55 (OxA-11106) |
12: mature male 14: adult male 39: infant 11: infant 15: – 21: – |
12 flexed 14, 39, 11 extended 15 and 21 seated single inhumations |
[59,60] | |
| Vlassac | 72: 9850 ± 130 BP (OxA-5824) | 72: late adult–mature female | extended single inhumation |
dark red sediment with charcoal | [61] |