Fig. 10.
(a) Layout diagram of the optrode. (b) The primary circuitry in the head: six I/O pads are used for power supply and digital & analog I/O, with custom-designed electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection circuitry. The 18 local control blocks consume die area in total. The size of the 18-bit decoder is
. (c) The layout of integrated local stimulation and diagnostic circuitry. A guard ring is utilized to insulate the analog and digital parts. The area of this local block is only 0.0035 mm2.