Table 1. CNs and bond lengths from EXAFS analysis.

Experiment	Bond	CN	Bond length (Å)
Pd NP	Pd–Pd	3.6 ± 0.8 (5.8 a )	2.74 ± 0.01
	Pd–C/O/N	1.8 ± 0.6	2.01 ± 0.03
Pd NP + 4IBA	Pd–Pd	not present	not present
	Pd–C/O/N	2.5 ± 0.5	2.00 ± 0.01
	Pd–I	1.0 ± 0.5	2.60 ± 0.01
Post reaction	Pd–Pd	5.1 ± 1.1	2.71 ± 0.01
	Pd–C/O/N	0.8 ± 0.4	2.00 ± 0.04
	Pd–I	not present	not present

^aTheoretical CN determined from modelling of Pd4-capped Pd NPs.