TABLE 2.
RRs/ORs of site-specific cancers associated with a 1-unit increment in the DII1
| Cancer type | Studies, n | Cases, n | Pooled RR (95% CI) | I 2, % | P-heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Colorectal cancer | |||||
| All studies | 9 | 18,888 | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) | 72.5 | <0.001 |
| Study type | |||||
| Cohort | 4 | 14,888 | 1.04 (1.03, 1.05) | 0 | 0.67 |
| Case-control | 5 | 4000 | 1.12 (1.08, 1.16) | 23.4 | 0.67 |
| Sex | |||||
| Men | 4 | 8278 | 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) | 76.6 | 0.005 |
| Women | 6 | 8767 | 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) | 67.8 | 0.008 |
| Region | |||||
| United States+Canada | 5 | 15,435 | 1.04 (1.03, 1.05) | 0 | 0.54 |
| Europe | 2 | 2377 | 1.11 (1.07, 1.16) | 27.9 | 0.24 |
| Asia | 2 | 1076 | 1.25 (0.97, 1. 25) | 59.9 | 0.11 |
| Study quality | |||||
| ≥7 (high) | 4 | 14,888 | 1.04 (1.03, 1.05) | 0 | 0.67 |
| <7 | 5 | 4000 | 1.12 (1.08, 1.16) | 23.4 | 0.67 |
| DII components | |||||
| <30 | 3 | 5088 | 1.09 (0.99, 1.19) | 69.1 | 0.04 |
| ≥30 | 6 | 13,800 | 1.07 (1.04, 1.10) | 77.2 | <0.001 |
| Breast cancer | |||||
| All studies | 7 | 18,781 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.07) | 84.0 | <0.001 |
| Study type | |||||
| Cohort | 4 | 12,458 | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | 16.0 | 0.31 |
| Case-control | 3 | 6323 | 1.12 (1.00, 1.25) | 93.3 | <0.001 |
| Menopausal status | |||||
| Postmenopause | 5 | — | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 61.4 | 0.05 |
| Pre-/perimenopause | 2 | — | 1.21 (0.65, 1.76) | 95.8 | <0.001 |
| Region | |||||
| Europe | 4 | 7509 | 1.03 (0.98, 1.08) | 76.2 | 0.006 |
| United States | 2 | 10,405 | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | 0 | 0.50 |
| Asia | 1 | 867 | 1.40 (1.25, 1.59) | — | — |
| Study quality | |||||
| ≥7 (high) | 4 | 14,869 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) | 81.1 | 0.001 |
| <7 | 3 | 3912 | 1.11 (0.92, 1.30) | 90.7 | <0.001 |
| DII components | |||||
| <30 | 3 | 7692 | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 41.3 | 0.18 |
| ≥30 | 4 | 11,089 | 1.09 (0.99, 1.18) | 91.2 | <0.001 |
| Prostate cancer | |||||
| All studies | 6 | 2162 | 1.06 (0.97, 1.15) | 56.2 | 0.04 |
| Study type | |||||
| Cohort | 1 | 123 | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | — | — |
| Case-control | 5 | 2039 | 1.10 (0.99, 1.20) | 50.6 | 0.09 |
| Study quality | |||||
| ≥7 (high) | 2 | 466 | 1.20 (0.69, 1.71) | 62.7 | 0.10 |
| <7 | 4 | 1696 | 1.08 (0.94, 1.22) | 65.0 | 0.30 |
| DII components | |||||
| <30 | 4 | 745 | 1.22 (0.98, 1.47) | 62.9 | 0.04 |
| ≥30 | 2 | 1417 | 1.01 (0.90, 1.13) | 66.3 | 0.08 |
| Pancreatic cancer | |||||
| Case-control | 2 | 1143 | 1.16 (1.05, 1.28) | 61.6 | 0.10 |
| Sex | |||||
| Men | 2 | 635 | 1.11 (1.04, 1.18) | 0 | 0.48 |
| Women | 2 | 508 | 1.19 (0.97, 1.41) | 71.5 | 0.06 |
| Ovarian cancer | |||||
| Case-control | 2 | 3442 | 1.08 (1.03, 1.13) | 0 | 1.00 |
| Menopausal status | |||||
| Postmenopause | 2 | 1038 | 1.12 (1.05, 1.18) | 0 | 0.64 |
| Pre-/perimenopause | 2 | 484 | 1.02 (0.92, 1.12) | 16.3 | 0.27 |
| Esophageal squamous cell | |||||
| Case-control | 2 | 351 | 1.24 (1.10, 1.38) | 64.3 | 0.09 |
| Renal cell carcinoma | |||||
| All studies | 2 | 1030 | 1.08 (1.02, 1.13) | 0 | 0.85 |
| Study type | |||||
| Cohort | 1 | 263 | 1.07 (1.00, 1.15) | — | — |
| Case-control | 1 | 767 | 1.08 (1.01, 1.15) | — | — |
| Esophageal adenocarcinoma | |||||
| Case-control | 2 | 405 | 1.26 (1.13, 1.39) | 0 | 0.55 |
| Lung cancer | |||||
| Cohort | 1 | 403 | 1.08 (1.00, 1.18) | — | — |
| Endometrial cancer | |||||
| Case-control | 1 | 454 | 1.07 (0.98, 1.17) | — | — |
| Bladder cancer | |||||
| Case-control | 1 | 690 | 1.11 (1.03, 1.20) | — | — |
| Gastric cancer | |||||
| Case-control | 1 | 230 | 1.19 (1.06, 1.34) | — | — |
| Hepatocellular cancer | |||||
| Case-control | 1 | 185 | 1.24 (1.02, 1.51) | — | — |
| Nasopharyngeal cancer | |||||
| Case-control | 1 | 198 | 1.09 (1.02, 1.16) | — | — |
| Laryngeal cancer | |||||
| Case-control | 1 | 460 | 1.27 (1.15, 1.40) | — | — |
| Esophageal squamous cell | |||||
| Case-control | 1 | 158 | 1.29 (1.13, 1.45) | — | — |
| Gastroesophageal junctional adenocarcinoma | |||||
| Case-control | 1 | 255 | 1.19 (1.00, 1.30) | — | — |
| Urothelial cell carcinoma | |||||
| Cohort | 1 | 379 | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | — | — |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma | |||||
| Case-control | 1 | 536 | 1.14 (1.02, 1.27) | — | — |
1
DII, Dietary Inflammatory Index.