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Effect of caffeine dosage on kidney stone risk reduction. (A) Mean caffeine daily intake in each quintile. (B) Percentage of kidney stone risk reduction in each quintile. The data are summarized from the data set of 3 large cohorts with >200,000 participants (enrollment of 51,529 men from the HPFS, 121,700 women from the NHS I, and 116,430 women from the NHS II) reported by Ferraro et al. (76). HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; NHS, Nurses’ Health Study.
