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. 2018 Jul 19;9(4):425–453. doi: 10.1093/advances/nmy024

TABLE 3.

Association between SNPs within other loci and total energy, carbohydrate, and fat intakes1

Gene locus, SNP, and study type Study population Study characteristics according to methods and results sections n (M/F) Dietary assessment Dietary data P Results First author (year) (ref)
BDNF
rs62652
Cross-sectional study (meta-analysis) African American, Asian American, Latino, Pacific Islander, European American, other NA 36,973 FFQ, 24-h dietary recall Energy (kcal/d) 0.6503 Park et al. (2013) (39)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.1903
Fat (%E) 0.9203
Cross-sectional study African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, white, other Patients with type 2 diabetes; mean age: 57.6 ± 7.2 y, mean BMI: 36.3 ± 6.1 2075 (912/1163) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.0074 GG genotype consumed on average > 100 kcal/d more than did carriers of the less common genotypes (ß = –103.37 kcal/d) McCaffery et al. (2012) (35)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.5135
Fat (%E) 0.5215
rs20303236
Cross-sectional study Diverse racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian) Participants with impaired glucose tolerance and at high risk of diabetes; mean age: 50.8 ± 10.6 y; mean BMI: 34.0 ± 6.6 3180 (1047/2133) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.0067 Fewer total caloric intake per copy minor T allele (ß = –96.75 kcal/d) McCaffery et al. (2017) (38)
Carbohydrate (%E) NS
Fat (%E) NS
Non-Hispanic white 1796 (56.5% female) Energy (kcal/d) <0.0017 Fewer total caloric intake per copy minor T allele (ß = –140.49 kcal/d)
rs49234618
Cross-sectional study Not specified (Swedish study) Mean age: 58.0 ± 7.6 y; mean BMI: 25.8 ± 4.1 29,480 (11,754/17,726) 7-d menu book, FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.3609 Rukh et al. (2013) (32)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.6709
Fat (%E) 0.8309
rs1076766410
Cross-sectional study African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, white, other Patients with type 2 diabetes; mean age: 57.6 ± 7.2 y; mean BMI: 36.3 ± 6.1 2075 (912/1163) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.0074 AA genotype consumed on average > 100 kcal/d more than did carriers of the less common genotypes (ß = –103.10 kcal/d) McCaffery et al. (2012) (35)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.3895
Fat (%E) 0.2895
rs140163511
Cross-sectional study African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, white, other Patients with type 2 diabetes; mean age: 57.6 ± 7.2 y, mean BMI: 36.3 ± 6.1 2075 (912/1163) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.3594
McCaffery et al. (2012) (35)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.3545
Fat (%E) 0.3215
rs1488830
Cross-sectional study Dutch Mean age: 57.2 ± 6.1 y; mean BMI: 25.9 ± 4.0 1700 (0/1700) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.580 Bauer et al. (2009) (43)
Carbohydrate (g/d) 0.91012
Fat (g/d) 0.58012
rs925946
Cross-sectional study Dutch Mean age: 57.2 ± 6.1 y; mean BMI: 25.9 ± 4.0 1700 (0/1700) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.940 Bauer et al. (2009) (43)
Carbohydrate (g/d) 0.59012
Fat (g/d) 0.55012
TMEM18
rs654823813
Cross-sectional study (meta-analysis) African American, Asian American, Latino, Pacific Islander, European American, other NA 36,973 FFQ, 24-h dietary recall Energy (kcal/d) 0.3303 Park et al. (2013) (39)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.2603
Fat (%E) 0.1703
Cross-sectional study Not specified (Swedish study) Mean age: 58.0 ± 7.6 y; mean BMI: 25.8 ± 4.1 29,480 (11,754/17,726) 7-d menu book, FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.5809 Rukh et al. (2013) (32)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.3909
Fat (%E) 0.0929
Cross-sectional study German Mean age: 49.4 ± 14.0 y; mean BMI: 27.0 ± 4.5 12,462 (6271/6191) FFQ Carbohydrate (score) 0.32014 Holzapfel et al. (2010) (42)
Fat (score) 0.03014 Trend toward an association with fat score (OR = 1.081)
Cross-sectional study Dutch Mean age: 57.2 ± 6.1 y; mean BMI: 25.9 ± 4.0 1700 (0/1700) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.670 Bauer et al. (2009) (43)
Carbohydrate (g/d) 0.73012
Fat (g/d) 0.31012
rs2867125
Cross-sectional study Diverse racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian) Participants with impaired glucose tolerance and at high risk of diabetes; mean age: 50.8 ± 10.6 y; mean BMI: 34.0 ± 6.6 3180 (1047/2133) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.0947 McCaffery et al. (2017) (38)
Carbohydrate (%E) NS
Fat (%E) NS
Non-Hispanic white 1796 (56.5% female) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.3497
KCTD15
rs29941
Cross-sectional study Diverse racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian) Participants with impaired glucose tolerance and at high risk of diabetes; mean age: 50.8 ± 10.6 y; mean BMI: 34.0 ± 6.6 3180 (1047/2133) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.5027 McCaffery et al. (2017) (38)
Carbohydrate (%E) NS
Fat (%E) NS
Non-Hispanic White 1796 (56.5% female) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.6187
Cross-sectional study Not specified (Swedish study) Mean age: 58.0 ± 7.6 y; mean BMI: 25.8 ± 4.1 29,480 (11,754/17,726) 7-d menu book, FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.8609 Rukh et al. (2013) (32)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.9509
Fat (%E) 0.9809
rs1108475315
Cross-sectional study (meta-analysis) African American, Asian American, Latino, Pacific Islander, European American, other NA 36,973 FFQ, 24-h dietary recall Energy (kcal/d) 0.8203 Park et al. (2013) (39)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.7303
Fat (%E) 0.6303
Cross-sectional study German Mean age: 49.4 ± 14.0 y; mean BMI: 27.0 ± 4.5 12,462 (6271/6191) FFQ Carbohydrate (score) 0.16014 Holzapfel et al. (2010) (42)
Fat (score) 0.03014 Trend toward an association with fat score (OR = 1.066)
rs368794
Cross-sectional study Dutch Mean age: 57.2 ± 6.1 y; mean BMI: 25.9 ± 4.0 1700 (0/1700) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.640 Bauer et al. (2009) (43)
Carbohydrate (g/d) 0.02012 Carriers of the risk T allele ate more total carbohydrates (per allele effect: 2.50 g/d)
Fat (g/d) 0.11012
NEGR1
rs281575216
Cross-sectional study Diverse racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian) Participants with impaired glucose tolerance and at high risk of diabetes; mean age: 50.8 ± 10.6 y; mean BMI: 34.0 ± 6.6 3180 (1047/2133) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.0787 McCaffery et al. (2017) (38)
Carbohydrate (%E) NS
Fat (%E) NS
Non-Hispanic white 1796 (56.5% female) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.0427 Higher total caloric intake per copy minor C allele (ß = 39.58  kcal/d)
Cross-sectional study (meta-analysis) African American, Asian American, Latino, Pacific Islander, European American, other NA 36,973 FFQ, 24-h dietary recall Energy (kcal/d) 0.1703 Park et al. (2013) (39)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.6103
Fat (%E) 0.1303
Cross-sectional study Not specified (Swedish study) Mean age: 58.0 ± 7.6 y; mean BMI: 25.8 ± 4.1 29,480 (11,754/17,726) 7-d menu book, FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.0049 Obesity-risk T allele associated with lower total energy intake (ß = –12.15 kcal/d) Rukh et al. (2013) (32)
Carbohydrate (%E) <0.0019 Obesity-risk T allele associated with higher carbohydrate intake (ß = 0.23%E)
Fat (%E) <0.0019 Obesity-risk T allele associated with lower fat intake (ß = –0.21%E)
rs1078933617
Cross-sectional study German Mean age: 49.4 ± 14.0 y; mean BMI: 27.0 ± 4.5 12,462 (6271/6191) FFQ Carbohydrate (score) 0.22014 Holzapfel et al. (2010) (42)
Fat (score) 0.96014
rs2568958
Cross-sectional study Dutch Mean age: 57.2 ± 6.1 y; mean BMI: 25.9 ± 4.0 1700 (0/1700) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.900 Bauer et al. (2009) (43)
Carbohydrate (g/d) 0.49012
Fat (g/d) 0.12012
SH2B1
rs749866518
Cross-sectional study Not specified (Swedish study) Mean age: 58.0 ± 7.6 y; mean BMI: 25.8 ± 4.1 29,480 (11,754/17,726) 7-d menu book, FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.8509 Rukh et al. (2013) (32)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.8009
Fat (%E) 0.4909
Cross-sectional study German Mean age: 49.4 ± 14.0 y; mean BMI: 27.0 ± 4.5 12,462 (6271/6191) FFQ Carbohydrate (score) 0.46014 Holzapfel et al. (2010) (42)
Fat (score) 0.35014
Cross-sectional study Dutch Mean age: 57.2 ± 6.1 y; mean BMI: 25.9 ± 4.0 1700 (0/1700) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.550 Bauer et al. (2009) (43)
Carbohydrate (g/d) 0.34012
Fat (g/d) 0.00312 Risk G allele associated with increased total fat intake (per allele effect: 1.08 g/d)
rs735939719
Cross-sectional study Diverse racial and ethnic groups Participants with impaired glucose tolerance and at high risk of diabetes; mean age: 50.8 ± 10.6 y; mean BMI: 34.0 ± 6.6 3180 (1047/2133) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.5687 McCaffery et al. (2017) (38)
Carbohydrate (%E) NS
Fat (%E) NS
Non-Hispanic white 1796 (56.5% female) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.4527
rs4788099
Cross-sectional study African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, white, other Patients with type 2 diabetes; mean age: 57.6 ± 7.2 y; mean BMI: 36.3 ± 6.1 2075 (912/1163) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.3984 McCaffery et al. (2012) (35)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.7425
Fat (%E) 0.8455
MTCH2
rs1083873820
Cross-sectional study Not specified (Swedish study) Mean age: 58.0 ± 7.6 y; mean BMI: 25.8 ± 4.1 29,480 (11,754/17,726) 7-d menu book, FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.4109 Rukh et al. (2013) (32)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.7509
Fat (%E) 0.5709
Cross-sectional study German Mean age: 49.38 ± 13.97; mean BMI: 26.97 ± 4.49 12,462 (6271/6191) FFQ Carbohydrate (score) 0.47014 Holzapfel et al. (2010) (42)
Fat (score) 0.54014
Cross-sectional study Dutch Mean age: 57.2 ± 6.1 y; mean BMI: 25.9 ± 4.0 1700 (0/1700) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.890 Bauer et al. (2009) (43)
Carbohydrate (g/d) 0.74012
Fat (g/d) 0.38012
rs3817334
Cross-sectional study Diverse racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian) Participants with impaired glucose tolerance and at high risk of diabetes; mean age: 50.8 ± 10.6 y; mean BMI: 34.0 ± 6.6 3180 (1047/2133) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.9367 McCaffery et al. (2017) (38)
Carbohydrate (%E) NS
Fat (%E) NS
Non-Hispanic white 1796 (56.5% female) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.4627
ETV5/SFRS10
rs7647305
Cross-sectional study Not specified (Swedish study) Mean age: 58.0 ± 7.6 y; mean BMI: 25.8 ± 4.1 29,480 (11,754/17,726) 7-d menu book, FFQ
 Energy (kcal/d) 0.2809 Rukh et al. (2013) (32)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.5409
Fat (%E) 0.8709
Cross-sectional study Dutch Mean age: 57.2 ± 6.1 y; mean BMI: 25.9 ± 4.0 1700 (0/1700) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.820 Bauer et al. (2009) (43)
Carbohydrate (g/d) 0.52012
Fat (g/d) 0.97012
rs9816226
Cross-sectional study Diverse racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian) Participants with impaired glucose tolerance and at high risk of diabetes; mean age: 50.8 ± 10.6 y; mean BMI: 34.0 ± 6.6 3180 (1047/2133) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.1127 McCaffery et al. (2017) (38)
Carbohydrate (%E) NS
Fat (%E) NS
Non-Hispanic white 1796 (56.5% female) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.0137 Higher total caloric intake per copy minor A allele (ß = 86.85 kcal/d)
GNPDA2
rs1093839721
Cross-sectional study Not specified (Swedish study) Mean age: 58.0 ± 7.6 y; mean BMI: 25.8 ± 4.1 29,480 (11,754/17,726) 7-d menu book, FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.0399 Obesity-risk G allele associated with lower total energy intake (ß = –10.97 kcal/d) Rukh et al. (2013) (32)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.7009
Fat (%E) 0.8409
Cross-sectional study Dutch Mean age: 57.2 ± 6.1 y; mean BMI: 25.9 ± 4.0 1700 (0/1700) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.370 Bauer et al. (2009) (43)
Carbohydrate (g/d) 0.79012
Fat (g/d) 0.63012
rs12641981
Cross-sectional study Diverse racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian) Participants with impaired glucose tolerance and at high risk of diabetes; mean age: 50.8 ± 10.6 y; mean BMI: 34.0 ± 6.6 3180 (1047/2133) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.5597 McCaffery et al. (2017) (38)
Carbohydrate (%E) NS
Fat (%E) NS
Non-Hispanic white 1796 (56.5% female) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.6067
FGF21
rs83813322
Meta-analysis European ancestry NA 71,326 FFQ Carbohydrate (%E) <0.00123 Genetic variant associated with increased carbohydrate intake (ß = 0.23%E) Chu et al. (2013) (41)
Fat (%E) <0.00123 Genetic variant associated with decreased fat intake (ß = –0.21%E)
rs838147
Meta-analysis Multi-ethnic FFQ Carbohydrate (%E) <0.00124 Minor allele associated with higher carbohydrate intake (ß = 0.25%E) Tanaka et al. (2013) (14)
GWA cohort (CHARGE) Multi-ethnic 37,537 <0.00124 Minor allele associated with higher carbohydrate intake (ß = 0.30%E)
Replication cohort (DietGen) US population–based cohorts 33,533 0.00624 Minor allele associated with higher carbohydrate intake (ß = 0.18%E)
PPARG
rs1801282
Cross-sectional study White Mean age according to sex: women = 38.3 ± 11.7 y, men = 37.5 ± 10.7 y; mean BMI according to sex: women = 27.3 ± 6.0, men = 28.6 ± 5.4 700 (290/410) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.81025 Bouchard-Mercier et al. (2012) (47)
Fat (g/d) 0.04026 Ala12 carriers had higher total fat intake than Pro12/Pro12 carriers
Fat (%E) 0.03025 Ala12 carriers had higher relative fat intake than Pro12/Pro12 carriers
Cross-sectional study African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, white, other Patients with type 2 diabetes; mean age: 57.6 ± 7.2 y; mean BMI: 36.3 ± 6.1 2075 (912/1163) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.0704 McCaffery et al. (2012) (35)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.9625
Fat (%E) 0.5275
BCDIN3D/FAIM2
rs7138803
Cross-sectional study Diverse racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian) Participants with impaired glucose tolerance and at high risk of diabetes; mean age: 50.8 ± 10.6 y; mean BMI: 34.0 ± 6.6 3180 (1047/2133) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.3437 McCaffery et al. (2017) (38)
Carbohydrate (%E) NS
Fat (%E) NS
Non-Hispanic white 1796 (56.5% female) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.6487
Cross-sectional study Not specified (Swedish study) Mean age: 58.0 ± 7.6 y; mean BMI: 25.8 ± 4.1 29,480 (11,754/17,726) 7-d menu book, FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.9609 Rukh et al. (2013) (32)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.5709
Fat (%E) 0.6409
CB1-R/CNR-1
rs1049353
Cross-sectional study Not specified (Spanish study) Mean age: 45.8 ± 11.3 y; mean BMI: 36.9 ± 6.1 896 (0/896) 3-d food record Energy (kcal/d) NS de Luis et al. (2016) (48)
Carbohydrate (g/d) NS
Fat (g/d) NS
Cross-sectional study Not specified (Italian study) Elderly subjects; mean age according to genotype: GG = 69.7 ± 3.4 y, AA/AG = 70.4 ± 3.2 y; mean BMI according to genotype: GG = 28.9 ± 5.7, AA/AG = 27.8 ± 6.4 118 (60/58) FFQ Carbohydrate (g/d) 0.15027 Caruso et al. (2012) (49)
Fat (g/d) 0.25027
CD36
rs1761667
Cross-sectional study White, African, West Asian, East Asian Two age groups: AGE-1, 18–29 y; AGE-2, 30–55 y; mean BMI: 22.9 ± 0.3 136 (41/95) FFQ, 3-d food diary Energy (kcal/d) NS Shen et al. (2017) (50)
Fat (g/d) NS
Cross-sectional study Mestizos Normal-weight subjects; mean age: 40.2 ± 15.1 y; mean BMI: 22.4 ± 1.9 132 (68/64) 3-d food record Energy (kcal/d) 0.160 Ramos-Lopez et al. (2015) (51)
Carbohydrate (g/d) 0.100
Fat (g/d) 0.380
Overweight subjects; mean age: 43.2 ± 13.9 y; mean BMI: 27.5 ± 1.4 163 (78/85) Energy (kcal/d) <0.001 AA genotype had higher intake of calories than the other genotypes
Carbohydrate (g/d) 0.070
Fat (g/d) <0.001 AA genotype had higher intake of total fat than the other genotypes
Obese subjects; mean age: 42.5 ± 12.4 y; mean BMI: 34.5 ± 4.6 146 (56/90) Energy (kcal/d) 0.510
Carbohydrate (g/d) 0.180
Fat (g/d) 0.980
MAP2K5
rs224142328
Cross-sectional study Diverse racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian) Participants with impaired glucose tolerance and at high risk of diabetes; mean age: 50.8 ± 10.6 y; mean BMI: 34.0 ± 6.6 3180 (1047/2133) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.9067 McCaffery et al. (2017) (38)
Carbohydrate (%E) NS
Fat (%E) NS
Non-Hispanic white 1796 (56.5% female) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.9077
rs2241420
Cross-sectional study African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, white, other Patients with type 2 diabetes; mean age: 57.6 ± 7.2 y; mean BMI: 36.3 ± 6.1 2075 (912/1163) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.6214 McCaffery et al. (2012) (35)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.7025
Fat (%E) 0.8705
MTIF3
rs188598829
Cross-sectional study Diverse racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian) Participants with impaired glucose tolerance and at high risk of diabetes; mean age: 50.8 ± 10.6 y; mean BMI: 34.0 ± 6.6 3180 (1047/2133) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.6377 McCaffery et al. (2017) (38)
Carbohydrate (%E) NS
Fat (%E) NS
Non-Hispanic white 1796 (56.5% female) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.4857
rs7988412
Cross-sectional study African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, white, other Patients with type 2 diabetes; mean age: 57.6 ± 7.2 y; mean BMI: 36.3 ± 6.1 2075 (912/1163) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.9954 McCaffery et al. (2012) (35)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.9325
Fat (%E) 0.8325
QPCTL/GIPR
rs2287019
Cross-sectional study Diverse racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian) Participants with impaired glucose tolerance and at high risk of diabetes; mean age: 50.8 ± 10.6 y; mean BMI: 34.0 ± 6.6 3180 (1047/2133) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.9517 McCaffery et al. (2017) (38)
Carbohydrate (%E) NS
Fat (%E) NS
Non-Hispanic white 1796 (56.5% female) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.7267
rs11672660
Cross-sectional study African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, white, other Patients with type 2 diabetes; mean age: 57.6 ± 7.2 y; mean BMI: 36.3 ± 6.1 2075 (912/1163) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.3834 McCaffery et al. (2012) (35)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.7945
Fat (%E) 0.7455
SEC16B/RASAL2
rs54387430
Cross-sectional study Diverse racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian) Participants with impaired glucose tolerance and at high risk of diabetes; mean age: 50.8 ± 10.6 y; mean BMI: 34.0 ± 6.6 3180 (1047/2133) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.9107 McCaffery et al. (2017) (38)
Carbohydrate (%E) NS
Fat (%E) NS
Non-Hispanic white 1796 (56.5% female) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.6397
rs10913469
Cross-sectional study Not specified (Swedish study) Mean age: 58.0 ± 7.6 y; mean BMI: 25.8 ± 4.1 29,480 (11,754/17,726) 7-d menu book, FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.8009 Rukh et al. (2013) (32)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.7109
Fat (%E) 0.7509
TNNI3K
rs151417531
Cross-sectional study Diverse racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic white, African American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, American Indian) Participants with impaired glucose tolerance and at high risk of diabetes; mean age: 50.8 ± 10.6 y; mean BMI: 34.0 ± 6.6 3180 (1047/2133) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.8277 McCaffery et al. (2017) (38)
Carbohydrate (%E) NS
Fat (%E) NS
Non-Hispanic white 1796 (56.5% female) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.4507
rs1514176
Cross-sectional study African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, white, other Patients with type 2 diabetes; mean age: 57.6 ± 7.2 y; mean BMI: 36.3 ± 6.1 2075 (912/1163) FFQ Energy (kcal/d) 0.0974 McCaffery et al. (2012) (35)
Carbohydrate (%E) 0.9785
Fat (%E) 0.1115
1

Values are means ± SDs unless otherwise indicated. BMI unit: kg/m2. Main results of studies concerning the association between gene loci and total energy, carbohydrate, and fat intakes are shown. SNPs are sorted by number of publications and publication date. Details in the table are stated as mentioned in the article. Some SNPs are in a high LD (r2 > 0.8) to each other. The LD values described by r² were calculated by using a Web tool (25). BCDIN3D/FAIM2, BCDIN3 domain containing RNA methyltransferase/Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecule 2; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CB1-R/CNR-1, cannabinoid receptor 1; CD36, CD36 molecule; CHARGE, Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium; ETV5/SFRS10, ETS variant 5; FGF21, fibroblast growth factor 21; GNPDA2, glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 2; GWA, Genome Wide Association; KCTD15, potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 15; LD, linkage disequilibrium; MAP2K5, mitogen-activated protein kinase 5; MTCH2, mitochondrial carrier 2; MTIF3, mitochondrial translational initiation factor 3; NA, not available; NEGR1, neuronal growth regulator 1; PPARG, PPAR γ; QPCTL/GIPR, glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-like/gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor; RASAL2, RAS protein activator-like 2; ref, reference; SEC16B, SEC16 homolog B, endoplasmic reticulum export factor; SH2B1, SH2B adaptor protein 1; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; TMEM18, transmembrane protein 18; TNNI3K, TNNI3 interacting kinase; %E, percentage of energy.

2

r 2 to rs4923461 = 0.82; r2 to rs1488830 = 0.82.

3

Adjusted for age at blood draw, sex, and race/ethnicity.

4

Adjusted for age, sex, study site, population stratification, and weight.

5

Adjusted for age, sex, study site, and population stratification.

6

r 2 to rs10767664 = 1.00; r² to rs4923461 = 0.91; r² to rs1488830 = 0.91.

7

Adjusted for age, sex, study site, weight, and principal components reflecting genetic ancestry.

8

r 2 to rs1488830 = 1.00; r2 to rs10767664 = 0.91.

9

Adjusted for age, sex, season, and diet assessment method (values for carbohydrate and fat intake are additionally adjusted for energy).

10

r 2 to rs1488830 = 0.91.

11

r 2 to rs925946 = 1.00.

12

Adjusted for energy.

13

r² to rs2867125 = 1.00.

14

Adjusted for age, sex, and survey.

15

r 2 to rs368794 = 0.84.

16

r 2 to rs10789336 = 0.96; r2 to rs2568958 = 0.96.

17

r 2 to rs2568958 = 1.00.

18

r 2 to rs4788099 = 1.00; r² to rs7359397 = 0.97.

19

r² to rs4788099 = 0.97.

20

r² to rs3817334 = 0.84.

21

r² to rs12641981 = 0.97.

22

r² to rs838147 = 0.81.

23

Adjusted for age, sex (CHARGE), location, subpopulation stratification, and BMI.

24

Adjusted for age, sex, study specific covariates, and BMI.

25

Adjusted for age, sex, and BMI.

26

Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and energy intake.

27

Adjusted for age, sex, calories, and BMI.

28

r² to rs2241420 = 0.95.

29

r² to rs7988412 = 0.95.

30

r² to rs10913469 = 0.96.

31

r² to rs1514176 = 1.00.