Table 1. Participant characteristics in the glucose clamp study.
| Total | T2DM | Non-DM | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 58 | 26 | 32 | |
| Sex (male/female) | 25/23 | 16/10 | 19/13 | |
| Age (years) | 41.9 ± 14.9 | 54.0 ± 12.0 | 32.1 ± 8.3 | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 ± 4.4 | 26.9 ± 4.1 | 21.8 ± 2.9 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 85.8 ± 13.7 | 94.3 ± 11.0 | 76.2 ± 9.8 | <0.001 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) | 5.6 ± 1.6 | 6.9 ± 1.0 | 4.5 ± 1.2 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.3 ± 1.2 | 7.4 ± 0.9 | 5.3 ± 0.3 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 45 ± 58.5 | 57 ± 10 | 34 ± 4 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 2.4 ± 2.0 | 3.5 ± 2.7 | 1.5 ± 1.0 | <0.001 |
| GDR (mg/kg/min) | 7.9 ± 3.0 | 5.7 ± 2.1 | 9.6 ± 2.5 | <0.001 |
Data are means ± standard deviation. P-values were determined using unpaired t-tests, T2DM vs. non-DM. BMI, body mass index; GDR, glucose disposal rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; Non-DM, non-diabetic study participants; T2DM, study participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus