Table 1:
Overview of blood-based biomarker in clinical studies of CRC.
| Gene | Name | Pathway | Sample size (CRC/Control) | Sensitivity | Specificity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SEPT9 | Septin9 | Cell cycle control, ERK signaling and bacterial invasion of epithelial cells | 53/1457 | 48.2 | 91.5 | Church [79] |
| 1031 | 76.6 | 95.9 | Wu [114] | |||
| 252/102 | 48 | 90 | Grutzmann [115] | |||
| 85/324 | 38.7 | 81 | Song [116] | |||
| 44/1500 | 68 | - | Potter [117] | |||
| 135/185 | 69 | 86 | Lofton-Day [77] | |||
| IKZF1/BCAT1 | Ikaros family zinc finger protein 1/ Branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 | Viral mRNA translation and metabolism | 129/1976 | 66 | 95 | Pedersen [118] |
| 66/1315 | 62 | 92 | Symonds [119] | |||
| WIF-1/NPY | WNT inhibitory factor 1/Neuropeptide Y | Notch and Wnt signaling | 243/276 | 86.5 | 92.1 | Lee [101] |
| ALX4 | Aristaless-like homeobox 4 | DNA binding transcription factor activity and protein heterodimerization activity | 30/30 | 83.3 | 70 | Ebert [120] |
| 135/185 | 69 | 86 | Lofton-Day [77] | |||
| 193/102 | 90.7 | 72.5 | Rasmussen [121] | |||
| 182/170 | 48 | 87 | He [112] | |||
| NEUROG1 | Neurogenin 1 | Neural crest differentiation and signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells | 252/93 | 61 | 91 | Herbst [99] |
| VIM | Vimentin | Wnt signaling pathway | 81/110 | 59 | 93 | Li [122] |
| 239/25 | 32.6 | - | Shirahata [123] | |||
| 193/102 | 90.7 | 72.5 | Rasmussen [121] | |||
| NGFR | Nerve growth factor receptor | Apoptotic pathways in synovial fibroblasts and p75 (NTR) - mediated signaling | 133/179 | 51 | 84 | Lofton-Day [77] |
| HPP1 (TMEFF2) | Hyperpigmentation, progressive, 1 | Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional repression | 133/179 | 65 | 65 | Lofton-Day [77] |
| 95/32 | 20 | 93.7 | Herbst [99] | |||
| 182/170 | 81 | 90 | He [112] | |||
| 38/20 | 18 | 100 | Wallner [124] | |||
| MLH1 | mutL homolog 1 | DNA mismatch repair pathway | 38/20 | 21 | 100 | Wallner [124] |
| 49/41 | 43 | 98 | Leung [83] | |||
| CDKN2A (p16) | Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A | Cell cycle regulatory pathway | 44/50 | 68 | - | Nakayama [125] |