Table 2.
Cognitive scores by diabetes group
| Cognitive Test | No diabetes | Type 1 diabetes | Type 2 diabetes | P* | P† | P‡ | P** |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 30 | 82 | 31 | ||||
| Grooved Pegboard (dominant hand) time (s) | 92.6 ± 20.5 | 108.2 ± 27.9 | 114.4 ± 41.6 | 0.009 | 0.001 | 0.05 | 0.93 |
| Grooved Pegboard (nondominant hand) time (s) | 99.8 ± 23.3 | 125.6 ± 51.2 | 117.4 ± 42.1 | 0.01 | 0.002 | 0.21 | 0.34 |
| Letter-Number Sequencing (scaled) | 12.2 ± 3.2 | 11.1 ± 3.2 | 11.2 ± 2.4 | 0.17 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.88 |
| Immediate Memory (scaled) | 62.8 ± 13.3 | 50.0 ± 12.9 | 49.9 ± 10.0 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.97 |
| Delayed Memory (scaled) | 58.1 ± 10.7 | 49.2 ± 12.0 | 49.3 ± 9.9 | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.91 |
| Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence FSIQ | 120.3 ± 8.7 | 117.1 ± 12.5 | 111.8 ± 12.8 | 0.03 | 0.19 | 0.008 | 0.08 |
| D-KEFS: Number-Letter Switching (scaled) | 12.0 ± 2.1 | 10.9 ± 2.3 | 11.2 ± 2.8 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 0.37 |
Data are means ± SD unless otherwise noted. Data are not adjusted.
*P value from ANOVA comparison across the three groups: no diabetes, type 1 diabetes (Medalists), and type 2 diabetes.
†P value from Kruskal-Wallis comparison of no diabetes and type 1 diabetes (Medalists).
‡P value from Kruskal-Wallis comparison of no diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
**P value from Kruskal-Wallis comparison of type 1 diabetes (Medalists) and type 2 diabetes.