Table 2.
Glycemic profile by race and ethnicity in D2d
| Race |
P for race | Ethnicity |
P for ethnicity | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (N = 1,616) | Black (N = 616) | Asian (N = 130) | Other (N = 61) | Hispanic (N = 225) | Non-Hispanic (N = 2,198) | |||
| Diabetes risk factors | ||||||||
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 61.7 (9.5)1,2,3 | 56.8 (9.5)1 | 55.2 (11.1)2 | 54.7 (9.9)3 | <0.01 | 54.7 (9.8) | 60.5 (9.8) | <0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 32.1 (4.4)1,2 | 32.7 (4.5)1,4 | 28.2 (3.8)2,4,6 | 31.4 (4.3)6 | <0.01 | 32.3 (4.5) | 32.0 (4.5) | 0.47 |
| Waist circumference, cm, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| Men | 108.8 (11.5)1,2,3 | 105.3 (10.6)1,4 | 97.3 (11.8)2,4 | 102.4 (9.1)3 | <0.01 | 104.3 (11.1) | 107.3 (11.6) | 0.02 |
| Women | 103.3 (11.2)1 | 102.1 (10.9)1,4 | 93.7 (10.6)4 | 100.4 (14.0) | <0.01 | 101.1 (11.6) | 102.7 (11.3) | 0.14 |
| Self-reported family history of diabetes, n (%) | 962 (59.5)1 | 420 (68.1)1 | 86 (66.2) | 46 (75.4) | <0.01 | 155 (68.9) | 1,359 (61.8) | 0.04 |
| Self-reported gestational diabetes mellitus, n (%) women | 68 (9.5)1 | 6 (2.0)1 | 5 (10.9) | 4 (14.3) | <0.01 | 22 (16.2) | 61 (6.4) | <0.01 |
| Glycemic testing, mean (SD) | ||||||||
| FPG, mg/dL | 108.8 (7.3)1 | 105.8 (7.4)1 | 107.3 (7.1) | 107.3 (6.7) | <0.01 | 107.4 (7.3) | 108 (7.4) | 0.24 |
| 2hPG, mg/dL | 137.7 (35.0) | 135.7 (32.5) | 140.5 (33.7) | 135.3 (35.4) | 0.41 | 135.2 (32.5) | 137.5 (34.5) | 0.36 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.9 (0.2)1 | 6.0 (0.2)1,4,5 | 5.9 (0.2)4 | 5.9 (0.2)5 | <0.01 | 5.9 (0.2) | 5.9 (0.2) | 0.56 |
| Prediabetes categories, n (%) | <0.01 | 0.92 | ||||||
| iA1c + IFG | 768 (47.5)1 | 323 (52.4)1 | 64 (49.2) | 29 (47.5) | 112 (49.8) | 1,072 (48.8) | ||
| IFG + IGT | 126 (7.8)1 | 17 (2.8)1 | 6 (4.6) | 3 (4.9) | 16 (7.1) | 136 (6.2) | ||
| IGT + iA1c | 119 (7.4)1 | 91 (14.8)1 | 14 (10.8) | 7 (11.5) | 20 (8.9) | 211 (9.6) | ||
| iA1c + IFG + IGT | 603 (37.3)1 | 185 (30.3)1 | 46 (35.4) | 22 (36.1) | 77 (34.2) | 779 (35.4) | ||
The Tukey-Kramer test was used for post hoc pairwise comparisons between racial groups. Self-reported gestational diabetes mellitus is among all women participants whether they were pregnant or not. Racial and ethnic categories follow NIH guidelines. Hispanic refers to ethnicity and includes any race. IFG defined as FPG 100–125 mg/dL (5.6–6.9 mmol/L). IGT defined as 2hPG after a 75-g glucose load 140–199 mg/dL (7.8–11.0 mmol/L). iA1c defined as HbA1c 5.7–6.4% (39–47 mmol/mol).
1Difference between white and black significant at P < 0.05.
2Difference between white and Asian significant at P < 0.05.
3Difference between white and other significant at P < 0.05.
4Difference between black and Asian significant at P < 0.05.
5Difference between black and other significant at P < 0.05.
6Difference between Asian and other significant at P < 0.05.