Table 1.
Baseline demographic and physical characteristics, insulin sensitivity, and β-cell responses from the hyperglycemic clamp and OGTT by treatment group
| Glargine followed by metformin (n = 44) | Metformin alone(n = 47) | |
|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 27 (61.4) | 38 (80.9) |
| Age (years) | 14.9 ± 2.0 | 13.9 ± 2.1* |
| Tanner stage V, n (%) | 32 (72.7) | 25 (53.2) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||
| White | 13 (29.5) | 12 (25.5) |
| Black | 14 (31.8) | 9 (19.1) |
| Hispanic | 14 (31.8) | 20 (42.6) |
| Other | 3 (6.8) | 6 (12.8) |
| Weight (kg) | 102.0 ± 25.7 | 97.7 ± 23.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 36.5 ± 6.4 | 36.9 ± 6.4 |
| BMI percentile | 98.4 ± 2.5 | 98.8 ± 1.3 |
| BMI z score | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 2.4 ± 0.3 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 109.8 ± 15.8 | 109.6 ± 12.4 |
| HbA1c | ||
| % | 5.7 ± 0.6 | 5.7 ± 0.6 |
| mmol/mol | 39.2 ± 6.6 | 38.6 ± 6.3 |
| IGT, n (%) | 26 (59) | 28 (60) |
| Type 2 diabetes, n (%) | 18 (41) | 19 (40) |
| Metformin use at baseline, n (%) | 10 (22.7) | 11 (23.4) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 120.7 ± 7.8 | 119.5 ± 8.7 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 67.6 ± 7.7 | 70.1 ± 7.9 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 9 (20.5) | 15 (31.9) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.11 (0.39, 3.14) | 1.17 (0.45, 3.06) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.0 ± 0.3 | 1.0 ± 0.2 |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.3 ± 0.8 | 2.1 ± 0.6 |
| Hyperglycemic clamp variables | ||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 6.04 ± 0.85 | 6.11 ± 1.10 |
| Fasting C-peptide (nmol/L) | 1.63 ± 0.55 | 1.82 ± 0.58 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/L) | 211.1 (54.8, 813.5) | 247.4 (74.1, 825.4) |
| Steady-state C-peptide (nmol/L) | 5.22 (2.44, 11.15) | 5.09 (2.32, 11.19) |
| ACPRmax (nmol/L) | 7.29 (3.29, 16.16) | 8.12 (3.42, 19.26) |
| ACPRg (nmol/L) | 1.06 (0.10, 11.66) | 1.14 (0.14, 9.02) |
| Glucose infusion rate (M) (mmol/kg/min) | 0.025 ± 0.013 | 0.023 ± 0.010 |
| Steady-state insulin (I) (pmol/L) | 1,391 (281, 6,874) | 1,371 (286, 6,572) |
| M/I (× 10e−5 mmol/kg/min per pmol/L) | 1.60 (0.35, 7.38) | 1.54 (0.35, 6.76) |
| OGTT variables | ||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L) | 6.0 ± 0.8 | 6.1 ± 1.1 |
| 2-h glucose (mmol/L) | 10.2 ± 2.5 | 10.2 ± 2.8 |
Data are mean ± SD or geometric mean (95% CI) for nonnormally distributed variables.
*P < 0.03; all other P values were not significant.